{"id":1859,"date":"2021-05-20T15:34:53","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T07:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859"},"modified":"2021-08-06T12:12:31","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T04:12:31","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e4%ba%ba%e4%ba%8b%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e7%b8%bd%e8%a4%87%e7%bf%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859","title":{"rendered":"\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78-\u9069\u7528\u9ad8\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u4eba\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u3001\u8ca1\u7d93\u5ec9\u653f-\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a877139bbe8c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input 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href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859\/#%e8%b2%b3-%e6%92%b0%e5%af%ab%e7%b7%b4%e7%bf%92%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%a9%9f%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e8%88%89%e4%be%8b\" >\u8cb3\u00a0 \u64b0\u5beb\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8209\u4f8b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859\/#%e5%8f%83-%e8%80%83%e5%8f%a4%e9%a1%8c%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e6%96%b9%e5%90%91\" >\u53c3\u00a0 \u8003\u53e4\u984c\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5411<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859\/#%e8%82%86-%e7%b7%b4%e7%bf%92%e9%a1%8c%e5%92%8c%e6%93%ac%e7%ad%94\" >\u8086\u00a0 \u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\u548c\u64ec\u7b54<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1859\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"wp-image-2100\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-4-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4eba\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3011(108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u5f9e\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u8003\u8a66\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u904e\u53bb\u516c\u8077\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8003\u8a66\u547d\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc3\u7e2e\u6210\u56db\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<br \/>\u4e00\u3001\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u4eba\u683c<br \/>\u4e8c\u3001\u81e8\u8f14\u8aee\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u5065\u5eb7<br \/>\u4e09\u3001\u751f\u7406\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u8207\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u611f\u77e5\u89ba\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5<br \/>\u56db\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u6e2c\u9a57\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<br \/>\u9664\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u540c\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u8907\u7fd2\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u6838\u5fc3\u89c0\u5ff5\u548c\u5ef6\u4f38\u89c0\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u4e3b\u984c\u8108\u7d61\u5f0f\u8907\u7fd2\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u540c\u5b78\u8a18\u61b6\u7d44\u584a\u3001\u8a13\u7df4\u89e3\u984c\u89c0\u5ff5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u8003\u8207\u8868\u9054\u80fd\u529b\u990a\u6210\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6642\u4e8b\u80cc\u5f8c\u76f8\u95dc\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u8b93\u540c\u5b78\u64fa\u812b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u61c9\u8003\u7684\u60e1\u5922\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%a3%b9-%e6%b3%a8%e6%84%8f%e4%ba%8b%e9%a0%85\"><\/span>\u58f9\u00a0 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u5fc3\u614b<br \/><br \/>\u5efa\u7acb\u9069\u5408\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u4e26\u57f7\u884c<br \/>\u500b\u4eba\u5c08\u5c6c\u7b46\u8a18(\u5f59\u6574\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u9ed8\u5beb\u7df4\u7fd2\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\uff09<br \/>\u5b78\u4ee5\u81f4\u7528\uff0c\u52a0\u5f37\u77e5\u8b58\u5167\u5316\u5438\u6536<br \/>\u5718\u9ad4\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u627f\u8afe\u64f4\u5927\u52a0\u5f37\u5805\u6301\u8207\u6bc5\u529b<br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u6642\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5438\u6bd2\u4eba\u6578\u65e5\u589e\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<br \/>\u8003\u53e4\u984c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7df4\u7fd2\u5beb\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5728\u7df4\u7fd2\u6642\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u8acb\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\u00a0<br \/><br \/>\u4e8c\u3001\u61c9\u8003\u6280\u5de7<br \/><br \/>\u5982\u4f55\u64b0\u5beb<br \/>\u5b57\u8de1\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5de5\u6574\u6e05\u695a<br \/>\u7b54\u6848\u8981\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u8209\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u63a1\u7528\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7121\u75c5\u547b\u541f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4e0d\u5c0d\u984c<br \/>\u6ce8\u610f\u8a72\u984c\u7684\u914d\u5206\u548c\u6642\u9593\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u9650\u5236\u5c07\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7b54\u984c\u72c0\u6cc1<br \/>\u5118\u91cf\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u98a8\u683c\u53ca\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6b7b\u80cc\u66f8\u672c\u5167\u5bb9<br \/><br \/>\u5beb\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc<br \/>\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u984c\u610f<br \/>\u554f\u984c\u9700\u56de\u7b54\u5b8c\u6574<br \/>\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u7684\u5148\u5beb\uff0c\u4e00\u984c\u7533\u8ad6\u5beb\u4f5c\u7d0425\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u91cf\u7d04\u70ba\u4e00\u9801\u534a\u81f3\u4e8c\u9801\uff1b\u89e3\u91cb\u540d\u8a5e\u7d048\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u91cf\u7d042\/3\u9801<br \/>\u7533\u8ad6\u984c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u89e3<br \/><br \/>\u8003\u524d\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805<br \/>\u4e0d\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6368\u672c\u9010\u672b\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u5ea6\u7126\u616e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1<br \/>\u6bcf\u5929\u6301\u7e8c\u7df4\u7fd2\u8003\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u8981\u7ffb\u66f8\u908a\u770b\u908a\u5beb<br \/>\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u6613\u72af\u932f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%b2%b3-%e6%92%b0%e5%af%ab%e7%b7%b4%e7%bf%92%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%a9%9f%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e8%88%89%e4%be%8b\"><\/span>\u8cb3\u00a0 \u64b0\u5beb\u7df4\u7fd2\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8209\u4f8b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u540d\u8a5e\u7bc4\u4f8b<br \/><br \/>\u64b0\u5beb\u89e3\u91cb\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\u4eba\u540d\u3001\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u540d\u8a5e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u6210\u56e0\u3001\u4f8b\u8b49\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u6216\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4ee5\u9583\u5149\u71c8\u8a18\u61b6(Flashbulb memory)\u70ba\u4f8b<br \/><br \/>Brown &amp; Kulik (1977)\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u7576\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u8b93\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u6613\u5fd8\u8a18\uff0c\u50cf\u662f921\u5927\u5730\u9707\u3001911\u653b\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u6703\u767c\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904eBower(1981)\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4f9d\u8cf4(state independent)\u89c0\u9ede\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u8a18\u61b6\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u5728\u7269\u7406\u60c5\u5883\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5167\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u4f60\u5728\u7de8\u78bc\u8207\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u4e8c\u500b\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u60c5\u7dd2\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5247\u56de\u61b6\u4e5f\u6703\u7279\u5225\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6642\u60c5\u7dd2\u5047\u82e5\u904e\u5ea6\u5f37\u70c8\u6216\u662f\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8ca0\u5411\u7d93\u9a57\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5247\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4e8c\u3001\u7533\u8ad6\u984c\u7bc4\u4f8b<br \/><br \/>\u64b0\u5beb\u89e3\u91cb\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\u4eba\u540d\u3001\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u4f8b\u8b49\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u6216\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<br \/>\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u984c\u76ee\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\u4f55\u8b02\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7406\u8ad6(cognitive dissonance theory\uff09\uff1f\u8acb\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u6e1b\u8f15\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\uff1f<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/><br \/>\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u8ad6(Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Festinger, 1957)<br \/><br \/>\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u5047\u5b9a\u500b\u9ad4\u5167\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u80a1\u9a45\u529b\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u8457\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u500b\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u5169\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u6703\u4fc3\u4f7f\u500b\u9ad4\u63a1\u53d6\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u4f86\u6392\u9664\u5931\u8abf\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u5feb\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u8a8d\u77e5\u800c\u5c07\u8a8d\u77e5\u5e36\u9032\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\uff1a\u6539\u8b8a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u4e2d\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6216\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65b0\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u5be6\u9a57<br \/><br \/>\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u7121\u804a\u3001\u7463\u7815\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u5341\u5e7e\u6839\u6e6f\u5319\u653e\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u6258\u76e4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4e00\u6839\u6839\u7684\u53d6\u51fa\u518d\u653e\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\u91cd\u8907\u3002\u7576\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u8aaa\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u544a\u77e5\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u6b64\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5728\u544a\u77e5\u671f\u9593\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u6709\u76841\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\uff0c\u6709\u768420\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u7576\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u88ab\u554f\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u6b64\u9805\u8aaa\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u559c\u6b61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u62ff\u52301\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u5831\u916c\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u78ba\u559c\u6b61\u9019\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5f97\u523020\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5247\u8ddf\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u559c\u6b61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5dee\u5225\u4e0d\u5927<br \/><br \/>\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5f97\u523020\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e5f\u6703\u7d93\u9a57\u5230\u5931\u8abf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5931\u8abf\u611f\u6c92\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\u5f37\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62ff\u523020\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u544a\u77e5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u614b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7121\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u62ff\u52301\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u5931\u8abf\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u4f4e\u5931\u8abf\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u597d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u7684\u559c\u6b61\u8a72\u4f5c\u696d\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf<br \/><br \/>\u4ee5\u5438\u7159\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5438\u7159\u7121\u5bb3(\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e00)\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u77e5\u4ed6\u662f\u559c\u6b61\u5438\u7159\u7684\u4eba(\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e8c)\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u77db\u76fe\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7d93\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\u767c\u73fe\u56e0\u5438\u7159\u800c\u5f97\u4e86\u80ba\u764c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u5438\u7159\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684(\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e09)\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u500b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u77e5\u7522\u751f\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u8a8d\u70ba\u5438\u7159\u7121\u5bb3\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u500b\u9ad4\u70ba\u4e86\u6062\u5fa9\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u6539\u8b8a\u884c\u70ba\u6212\u7159\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8a8d\u77e5\u6062\u5fa9\u5e73\u8861\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6e1b\u8f15\u8a8d\u77e5\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<br \/><br \/>\u964d\u4f4e\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u3002\u6539\u8b8a\u5c0d\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3002<br \/>\u589e\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8f%83-%e8%80%83%e5%8f%a4%e9%a1%8c%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e6%96%b9%e5%90%91\"><\/span>\u53c3\u00a0 \u8003\u53e4\u984c\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba<br \/>Zimbardo\u548cMilgram\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u6b78\u56e0\u8207\u504f\u8aa4\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6c7a\u7b56\u3001\u4e94\u5927\u4eba\u683c\u7406\u8ad6<br \/><br \/>\u4e8c\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u3001\u8f14\u8aee\u81e8<br \/>\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u5fa9\u539f\u529b\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3001\u4eba\u672c\u8ad6\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u7642\u6cd5\u3001\u6182\u9b31\u75c7\u3001PTSD\u3001\u601d\u89ba\u5931\u8abf\u75c7\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u3001\u5b8c\u5f62\u3001SFBT\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790(\u9632\u885b\u6a5f\u8f49)<br \/><br \/>\u4e09\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u3001\u751f\u7406<br \/><br \/>\u932f\u89ba\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5b78(SDT)\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5236\u7d04\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2<br \/><br \/>\u56db\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u667a\u529b<br \/><br \/>\u5168\u4eba\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u4f9d\u9644\u3001\u653b\u64ca(\u9738\u51cc)\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u667a\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u6e2c\u9a57\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%82%86-%e7%b7%b4%e7%bf%92%e9%a1%8c%e5%92%8c%e6%93%ac%e7%ad%94\"><\/span>\u8086\u00a0 \u7df4\u7fd2\u984c\u548c\u64ec\u7b54<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f55\u8b02\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u5546\u6578(emotional intelligence quotient\uff0c EQ\uff09\uff1f\u9ad8\u723e\u66fc(Daniel Goleman\uff09\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u63d0\u5021EQ\uff1f(25\u5206\uff09<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/><br \/>\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<br \/>\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b(emotional intelligence)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7531Salovey\u548cMayer(1990 \uff0c1997)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u548c\u8abf\u7bc0\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u662f\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5229\u7528\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002<br \/><br \/>EQ\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u5167\u6db5<br \/>\u7f8e\u570b\u6821\u5712\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u8b8a\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u548c\u7522\u751f\u6cae\u55aa\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4f7fDaniel Goleman\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002Daniel Goleman\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c121\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u7684181\u500b\u8077\u4f4d\u7684\u52dd\u4efb\u7279\u5fb5\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff1a67%\u7684\u52dd\u4efb\u7279\u5fb5\u8207EI(\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u80fd)\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5728\u4ed61995\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cDaniel Goleman\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7d04\u675f\u3001\u6bc5\u529b\u548c\u5168\u60c5\u6295\u5165\u7b49\u80fd\u529b\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6642\u9593\u5167\u90fd\u8981\u6bd4\u667a\u5546\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u9ad8\u66fc\u5ba3\u7a31\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5152\u7ae5\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u671f\u9593\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<br \/><br \/>Danial Goleman(1995)\u5ef6\u4f38Salovey\u548cMayer\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u628a\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff1a\u77ad\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u885d\u52d5\u548c\u60f1\u6012\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u8655\u4e8b\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u8003\u9a57\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u975c\u548c\u6a02\u89c0\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u4e94\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u60c5\u7dd2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u60c5\u7dd2\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6fc0\u52f5\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eba\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u59a5\u5584\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cGoleman(1998)\u628a\u60c5\u7dd2\u52dd\u4efb\u529b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u4ee5\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u512a\u7570\u6210\u7e3e\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u7fd2\u5f97\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u60c5\u7dd2\u52dd\u4efb\u529b\u662f\u4ee5\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u904e\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u6280\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u667a\u529b\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u97f3\u6a02\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6(\u5979)\u9084\u9700\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u5531\u6b4c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6b4c\u5531\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7e31\u89c0 Goleman(1998)\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b(emotional intelligence)\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7528\u60c5\u7dd2\u52dd\u4efb\u529b\u6216\u52dd\u4efb\u529b(emotional competence\u6216competence)\u66ff\u4ee3\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0cGoleman\u7b49\u4eba(2000)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u300c\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\u69cb\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u89ba\u5bdf\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u52dd\u4efb\u529b\u3002\u300d\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u667a\u529b\u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u7d50\u8ad6<br \/>EQ\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\u8208\u8d77\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f8\u7576\u4e45\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u95dc\u6ce8\u60c5\u7dd2\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7570\u5e38\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5c0d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u76f4\u5230Seligman(2000)\u63d0\u5021\u6b63\u5411\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u6b63\u8996\u60c5\u7dd2\u76f8\u95dc\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a66\u5716\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1a<br \/>http\uff1a\/\/wiki.mbalib.com\/zh-tw\/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9B<br \/><br \/>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f55\u8b02\u6b67\u8996\uff1f\u6b67\u8996\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u6709\u4f55\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u9664\uff1f\u8acb\u8209\u5be6\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u6216\u8b49\u660e\u4e4b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/><br \/>\u6b67\u8996\u5b9a\u7fa9<br \/>\u504f\u898b(prejudice)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6216\u662f\u67d0\u985e\u6210\u54e1\u6301\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5145\u4efd\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f9d\u64da\uff1b\u6b67\u8996(discrimination)\u5247\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u504f\u898b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53d7\u504f\u898b\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u8ca0\u5411\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u8207\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6b67\u8996\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u6709\u4f55\u5371\u5bb3<br \/><br \/>\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u504f\u898b\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u8a98\u767c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u504f\u898b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u4e8c\u5927\u985e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a8d\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20<br \/><br \/>\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49<br \/>\u793e\u6703\u5404\u968e\u5c64\u3001\u5404\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5f7c\u6b64\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002\u793e\u6703\u512a\u52e2\u7406\u8ad6(social dominance theory)\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u5167\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u512a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u5718\u9ad4\u6703\u4eab\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u5f31\u52e2\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u50cf\u662fHacker(1951)\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u6c1b\u570d\u65bc\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u8207\u9ed1\u4eba\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e38\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u516c\u7136\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5167\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u5916\u5718\u9ad4\u504f\u898b<br \/>\u5167\u5718\u9ad4\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u64c1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\u548c\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\u7684\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff1b\u5916\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u662f\u6307\u5167\u5718\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5916\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u504f\u8aa4\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u5167\u5718\u9ad4\u504f\u898b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5169\u500b\u6db5\u7fa9\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u597d\u7684\u300d\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u5dee\u7684\u300d\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aBrewer(1979)\u66fe\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5167\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u7f6e\u8eab\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u504f\u8892\u7684\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4eba\u683c\u8207\u504f\u898b<br \/>\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4eba\u683c(authoritarian personality)\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u5c08\u5236\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u7531\u5fb7\u570b\u5b78\u8005Adorno\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff1b\u8f03\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u578b\u614b\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\uff1b\u91cd\u8996\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d85\u8d8a\u73fe\u5be6\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u3002Adorno(1950)\u8a8d\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u5916\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6575\u610f\u8207\u504f\u898b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5f9e\u773e(Conformity)<br \/>\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u504f\u898b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u504f\u898b\u53ca\u5176\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5f9e\u773e\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e00\u65e6\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6839\u6df1\u67e2\u56fa\u7684\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u4f7f\u8a72\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6210\u54e1\u9075\u5b88\u4e4b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u504f\u898b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6839\u6e90<br \/>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61<br \/>\u504f\u898b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u63d0\u524d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0b\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u800c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5247\u662f\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u5c0e\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>Spencer\u7b49\u4eba(1999)\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u5973\u540c\u5b78\u5728\u672a\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u6703\u504f\u898b\u5e72\u64fe\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5728\u8f03\u96e3\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e2d\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u548c\u7537\u540c\u5b78\u4e00\u6a23\u512a\u79c0\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u8f03\u96e3\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u7576\u5979\u5011\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6578\u5b78\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6709\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5176\u6e2c\u9a57\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u6578\u4e5f\u6bd4\u7537\u751f\u5dee\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u793e\u6703\u5206\u985e<br \/>\u793e\u6703\u5206\u985e\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7c21\u5316\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u77ad\u89e3\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u56de\u61b6\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u504f\u898b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<br \/>Tayler\u7b49\u4eba(1978)\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u5225\u662f\u5283\u5206\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5411\u5ea6\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b40\u6b72\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u5730\u7522\u5546\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u822c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u5206\u985e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e2d\u5e74\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5546\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5357\u65b9\u4eba\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8a8d\u77e5\u6b78\u56e0\u504f\u5dee<br \/>\u6211\u5011\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u539f\u56e0\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u7531\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c0\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u767c\u751f\u7a2e\u7a2e\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u50cf\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6b78\u56e0\u504f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u904e\u65bc\u628a\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6b78\u7d50\u70ba\u5167\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u4f4e\u4f30\u60c5\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u904e\u65bc\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u9650\u5236\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u9664\u6b67\u8996<br \/>\u5728\u5718\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u9054\u5230\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u800c\u5408\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6575\u610f\u548c\u504f\u898b\u5c31\u6703\u6e1b\u5f31\u6216\u6d88\u9664(Sherif\uff0c 1966)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u62fc\u5716\u6559\u5ba4\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4f7f\u5148\u524d\u76f8\u4e92\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u63a5\u89f8\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u5c07\u5916\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u7279\u8cea\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u96b8\u5c6c\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u500b\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u4ee5\u8a72\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9020\u6210\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f8b\u5b50<br \/>\u7a2e\u65cf\u504f\u898b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u53ad\u60e1\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u62b1\u6709\u6210\u898b\u3001\u610f\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u758f\u9060\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u6821\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u5c31\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5a1b\u6a02\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f80\u5f80\u537b\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u6709\u61f6\u60f0\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3001\u6709\u97f3\u6a02\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u8caa\u5716\u4eab\u6a02(Brigham\uff0c 1978)\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff5e\u859b\u570b\u81f4(2009)\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u504f\u898b\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u6d88\u9664<br \/><br \/>\u4e09\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u5177\u6709\u58d3\u6291\u8a18\u61b6(suppressed memory)\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u96b1\u8a18\u61b6(implicit memory)\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u4f46\u662f Loftus \u7b49\u4eba\u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u8a18\u61b6\u5177\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u518d\u5efa\u69cb\u6b77\u7a0b(reconstructive process)\uff0c\u5247\u5f80\u5f80\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u8acb\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u8b49\u4eba\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u57fa\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u300d\u800c\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/><br \/>\u58d3\u6291\u8a18\u61b6<br \/>Freud\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u6f5b\u6291\u4f5c\u7528\u4fbf\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u5c07\u89ba\u5f97\u904e\u65bc\u5a01\u8105\u6216\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u53ca\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u72c0\u614b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u82e5\u500b\u9ad4\u559a\u8d77\u7f9e\u6065\u3001\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u6f5b\u6291\uff0c\u5373\u500b\u9ad4\u89ba\u5f97\u75db\u82e6\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u52a0\u4ee5\u62d2\u7d55\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u5176\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aFreud\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5728\u5152\u7ae5\u6642\u671f\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u6f5b\u6291\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u5f35\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u7537\u7ae5\u5c0d\u6bcd\u89aa\u5747\u61f7\u6709\u6027\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5c0d\u7236\u89aa\u5247\u6301\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u53ca\u6575\u610f\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u52d5\u7686\u88ab\u6f5b\u6291\u5728\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5167\u96b1\u8a18\u61b6<br \/>Schacter(1987)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u63d0\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5916\u986f\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5167\u96b1\u8a18\u61b6\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5167\u96b1\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6709\u7121\u4fc3\u767c\u6548\u679c\u4f86\u5224\u5225\uff0c\u4f55\u8b02\u89f8\u767c\u6548\u679c\uff1f\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7d66\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u770b\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u5b57\u55ae\u6642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aCAT\u3001WORLD\u3001DOG\u3001WORD\u2026\u2026\u3001\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0b\u5217\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\uff5e\u00a0 \u00a0R\u00a0 \u00a0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6b98\u5b57\u4f5c\u696d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u5bebWORLD\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5bebEARTH\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u525b\u624d\u6240\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u5b57\u55ae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73feEARTH\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u73feWORLD\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6703\u50be\u5411\u5bebWORLD\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u89f8\u767c\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u91cd\u8907\u89f8\u767c\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u51fa\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u5167\u96b1\u8a18\u61b6\u6709\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8a18\u61b6\u518d\u5efa\u69cb<br \/><br \/>\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u518d\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aBartlett(1932)\u8b93\u4e00\u7fa4\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u95b1\u8b80\u9b3c\u9b42\u6230\u722d\u7684\u50b3\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6703\u626d\u66f2\u6545\u4e8b\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u671f\u671b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u6545\u4e8b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u89f8\u767c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u70ba\u4f55\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aDRM\u6548\u61c9\uff5e\u806f\u7d50\u89f8\u767c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8b93\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u95b1\u8b80\u55ae\u8a5e\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5011\u56de\u61b6\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u55ae\u8a5e\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u806f(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5750\u3001\u684c\u5b50\u3001\u5ea7\u4f4d)\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u5f9e\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u984c(\u6905\u5b50)\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u300c\u8a18\u5f97\u300d\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u4e4b\u4e3b\u984c\u8a5e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9ad8\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e(Roediger &amp; McDemott\uff0c1995)\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4e03\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cLoftus\u9996\u5ea6\u5c0d\u932f\u8aa4\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u5c0d\u8c61\u5206\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8207\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5225\u8a62\u554f\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u5169\u53f0\u8eca\u5728\u767c\u751f\u78b0\u649e(hit)\u6642\u7684\u6642\u901f\u6709\u591a\u5feb\uff1f\u300d \u300c\u9019\u5169\u53f0\u8eca\u5728\u731b\u70c8\u649e\u64ca(smash)\u6642\u7684\u6642\u901f\u6709\u591a\u5feb\uff1f\u300d<br \/><br \/>\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u300c\u731b\u70c8\u649e\u64ca\u300d\u7684\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u8eca\u901f\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u300c\u767c\u751f\u649e\u64ca\u300d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7fa4\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5225\u8a62\u554f\u53c3\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0cLoftus\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5169\u76f8\u8ff4\u7570\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u300c\u731b\u70c8\u649e\u64ca\u300d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8072\u7a31\u4ed6\u610f\u5916\u73fe\u5834\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u788e\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u73fe\u5834\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u51fa\u73fe\u4ec0\u9ebc\u788e\u73bb\u7483\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5c0d\u8b49\u4eba\u8b49\u8a5e\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ca\u7d50\u8ad6<br \/><br \/>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u3001\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u4f30\u8a08\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u751a\u6e96\u78ba\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u4eba\u54e1\u5148\u8acb\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u89c0\u770b\u4e00\u500b30\u79d2\u7684\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u9694\u5169\u5929\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u4eba\u54e1\u8a62\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5f71\u7247\u6642\u9593\u5927\u7d04\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u5b57\u7adf\u9ad8\u9054147\u79d2\u3002\u5728\u70ba\u6578\u773e\u591a\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d04\u50c5\u67093%\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u6b63\u78ba\u4f30\u8a08\u5f71\u7247\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u4f30\u8a08\u4e5f\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8b49\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u4f4e\u4f30\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u8b49\u4eba\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u904e\u65bc\u6a02\u89c0\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8b49\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u904e\u65bc\u6a02\u89c0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u4e8b\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u6642\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u9023\u5e36\u5730\u9ad8\u4f30\u6642\u9593\u3001\u4f4e\u4f30\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u51a4\u7344\u5e73\u53cd\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u7121\u8f9c\u8a08\u756b\u300d(The Innocence Project)\u900f\u904eDNA\u8b49\u64da\u9032\u884c\u51a4\u6848\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u7d71\u8a08\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u670975%\u7684\u51a4\u932f\u6848\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u8b49\u4eba\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6307\u8a8d\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u7d9c\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f9d\u64daLoftus\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u8a18\u61b6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u53e6\u5916Freud\u4e5f\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u6f5b\u6291\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u767e\u5206\u767e\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1a\u5371\u82b7\u82ac \u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6\u3001Sternberg \u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<br \/>\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1ahttp\uff1a\/\/tedxtaipei.com\/articles\/elizabeth_loftus_the_fiction_of_memory\/<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 http\uff1a\/\/www.laf.org.tw\/tw\/b3_1_2.php?msg1=38&amp;msg2=447<br \/><br \/>\u56db\u3001\u4f55\u8b02\u58d3\u529b\uff1f\u4f55\u8b02\u6297\u58d3\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u5f37\u8655\u7406\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e14\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u7372\u76ca\uff1f<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/><br \/>\u58d3\u529b\u5b9a\u7fa9<br \/>\u7576\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u4e00\u500b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u800c\u7522\u751f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0cMcGrath\u8a8d\u70ba\u58d3\u529b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c0\u77e5\u89ba\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u8207\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u843d\u5dee\u82e5\u672a\u5f4c\u5e73\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4f55\u8b02\u6297\u58d3<br \/>\u4fc2\u6307\u80fd\u5920\u62b5\u6297\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u91cd\u5927\u58d3\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u514d\u65bc\u751f\u7406\u6216\u60c5\u7dd2\u640d\u5bb3(Kobasa\uff0c 1979\uff1b Maddi\uff0c 2006)\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u7279\u5fb5\u7a31\u70ba\u5805\u6bc5(hardiness)\uff0c\u5171\u5305\u542b3\u500b\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6311\u6230\u3002\u9ad8\u627f\u8afe\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u58d3\u529b\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u5c0d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6295\u5165\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9ad8\u63a7\u5236\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u5f71\u97ff\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u9ad8\u6311\u6230\u8005\u5c07\u58d3\u529b\u8996\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u57f9\u990a\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<br \/>\u5728\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\uff0c\u8d85\u904e600\u4f4d\u64d4\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u653f\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7537\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u904e\u53bb3\u5e74\u7576\u4e2d\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d44\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u90fd\u9ad8\u65bc\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d44\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u540c\u6a23\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u751f\u75c5\u6b21\u6578\u8f03\u5c11\u3002\u5169\u7d44\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u586b\u5beb\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6027\u683c\u554f\u5377\u3002\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9ad8\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u5c11\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5805\u6bc5\u76843\u500b\u6210\u5206\u4e0a\u8207\u5e38\u751f\u75c5\u8005\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u4e3b\u52d5\u53c3\u8207\u5de5\u5316\u4f5c\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u52c7\u65bc\u9762\u5c0d\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u611f\u8f03\u5f37(Kobasa\uff0c 1979)\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6027\u683c\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u751f\u75c5\u6642\u6642\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5f88\u96e3\u53c3\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u9805\u7e31\u8cab\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f01\u696d\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u751f\u75c5\u524d\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u76e3\u63a7\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u6642\u9593\u9577\u90542\u5e74\u3002\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u614b\u5ea6\u50be\u5411\u9ad8\u6295\u5165\u3001\u9ad8\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6b63\u9762\u770b\u5f85\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f4e\u5206\u8005\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7(Kobasa\uff0c Maddi\uff0c &amp; Kahn\uff0c 1982)\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6709\u4f55\u76ca\u8655<br \/><br \/>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u627f\u8afe(Cohen &amp; Edwards\uff0c 1989)\u3002\u4ee5\u5973\u6027(Wiebe &amp;McCallum\uff0c 1986)\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5805\u6bc5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u6e2c\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u62b5\u6297\u58d3\u529b\u6216\u5805\u6bc5\u6027\u683c\u7684\u7279\u5fb5(\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6311\u6230)\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0d\u58d3\u529b\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52dd\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0d\u58d3\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u6311\u6230\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a55\u4f30\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u8b8a\u5316\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e73\u5e38\uff0c\u5c07\u58d3\u529b\u8996\u70ba\u6210\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a\u5371\u82b7\u82ac \u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6<br \/><br \/>\u4e94\u3001\u8a66\u8aaa\u660e\u4e0b\u5217\u540d\u8a5e\u4e26\u56de\u7b54\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u9632\u885b\u6027\u60b2\u89c0(defensive pessimism)<br \/>\u52a9\u4eba\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ca0\u5411\u72c0\u614b\u89e3\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f(negative-state relief model)<br \/>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105(stereotype threat)<br \/>\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u56fa\u8457(functional fixedness)<br \/><br \/>Ekman \u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u516d\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u7dd2(basic emotion)\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5feb\u6a02\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709<br \/>\u00a0 \u54ea\u4e94\u500b\uff1f<br \/><br \/>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br \/>\u9632\u885b\u6027\u60b2\u89c0<br \/>\u4ee5\u8ca0\u5411\u601d\u8003\u70ba\u56e0\u61c9\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u56e0\u61c9\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u6027\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u505a\u6700\u58de\u6253\u7b97\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6703\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u4f4e\u671f\u5f85\u8207\u9ad8\u7126\u616e\u7684\u9810\u671f\u3002<br \/>Cantor et al.(1987)\u5927\u5b78\u65b0\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7e31\u8cab\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u5165\u5b78\u524d\u8a55\u4f30\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u6311\u6230\u4e0a\u6a02\u89c0\u6216\u9632\u885b\u6027\u60b2\u89c0\u601d\u8003\u4e4b\u5178\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u5b78\u696d\u6a02\u89c0\u7d44\u3001\u5b78\u696d\u60b2\u89c0\u7d44\u3002\u518d\u6e2c\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u5b78\u696d\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u671f\u671b\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u5dee\u8ddd(Higgin\uff0c 1987)\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u7d00\u9304\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5b78\u5e74\u672b\u7684\u5b78\u696d\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7e3e\u3002<br \/>\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe2\u8005\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u5b78\u696d\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u7e3e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8def\u5f91\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a\u8449\u5149\u8f1d \u4eba\u683c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<br \/><br \/>\u52a9\u4eba\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ca0\u5411\u72c0\u614b\u89e3\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f<br \/>\u7531Cialdini(1981)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u52a9\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u5229\u4ed6\u300d\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7576\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u8655\u65bc\u300c\u82e6\u96e3\u300d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60b2\u50b7\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6703\u85c9\u7531\u5e6b\u52a9\u5c0d\u65b9\u4f86\u89e3\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6545Batson\uff5e\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u5229\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9003\u96e2\u73fe\u5834\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u9858\u610f\u52a9\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8a98\u767c\u60b2\u50b7\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u52a9\u4eba\u4f86\u89e3\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u8ca0\u9762\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f9dCialdini\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0cBatson\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e\u52a9\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u300c\u5229\u4ed6\u300d\u52d5\u6a5f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a\u9673\u6176\u798f\u7b49\u4eba\u8b6f \u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<br \/><br \/>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105<br \/><br \/>Steele(1997)\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u500b\u9ad4\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u52a3\u7b49\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u4efb\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5176\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6703\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u5931\u6557\u8b8a\u5f97\u52a0\u500d\u5177\u6709\u5a01\u8105\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u6703\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u500b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6216\u6027\u5225\u5718\u9ad4\u662f\u52a3\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bb3\u6015\u3001\u7126\u616e\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u59a8\u5bb3\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u66f4\u9a57\u8b49\u8ca0\u5411\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u3002<br \/>\u5be6\u9a57(Spencer et al\uff0c1999)<br \/><br \/>\u8acb\u7537\u6027\u8207\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u751f\u53c3\u8207\u6a19\u6e96\u6578\u5b78\u6e2c\u9a57\u3002(\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u7576\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7686\u91cd\u8981)<br \/>\u4e00\u7d44\u5b78\u751f\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u6b64\u6e2c\u9a57\u300c\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u73fe\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8ca0\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u8003\u8a66\u7d50\u679c\u6bd4\u7537\u6027\u5dee\u3002<br \/>\u4e00\u7d44\u5b78\u751f\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u6b64\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e26\u7121\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u8207\u7537\u6027\u4e00\u6a23\u597d\u3002<br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1a\u5371\u82b7\u82ac \u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6<br \/><br \/>\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u56fa\u8457<br \/>\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u7269\u4ef6\u5df2\u7fd2\u6163\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aMaier(1931)\uff5e\u5169\u7dda\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u623f\u9593\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u5782\u91e3\u4e8c\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5c07\u4e8c\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\u9023\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e8c\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\u5f7c\u6b64\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f88\u9060\uff0c\u4e8c\u624b\u7121\u6cd5\u540c\u6642\u6293\u5230\uff0c\u623f\u9593\u6709\u9435\u939a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u60f3\u5230\u5229\u7528\u9435\u939a\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u55ae\u64fa\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e8c\u6839\u7e69\u5b50\u9593\u8ddd\u96e2\u7e2e\u77ed\u5230\u800c\u624b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u6293\u5230\u3002<br \/>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1a\u5f35\u6625\u8208 \u73fe\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<br \/><br \/>Ekman\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u516d\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5feb\u6a02\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u90a3\u4e94\u500b\uff1f<br \/>Ekman(1993)\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u516d\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u5feb\u6a02\u3001\u50b7\u5fc3\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u3001\u751f\u6c23\u3001\u9a5a\u8a1d\u3001\u8207\u53ad\u60e1\u3002\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1a\u5371\u82b7\u82ac \u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\"><\/span><strong>\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/Public1?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_1859_lulu_NA\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/Public1?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_1859_lulu_NA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4eba\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9 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