{"id":1862,"date":"2021-05-20T16:18:46","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T08:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862"},"modified":"2021-08-06T12:09:01","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T04:09:01","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e7%b8%bd%e8%a4%87%e7%bf%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862","title":{"rendered":"\u884c\u653f\u5b78-\u9069\u7528\u9ad8\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u653f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u653f\u3001\u4eba\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52d9\u884c\u653f\u3001\u8ca1\u7d93\u5ec9\u653f\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ec9\u653f\u3001\u885b\u751f\u884c\u653f-\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8771b5d7ce6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8771b5d7ce6\"  aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e3%80%90%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\" >\u3010\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u3011(108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%8d%94%e5%8a%9b%e6%b2%bb%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e6%8e%a2%e6%9e%90%e6%9e%97%e6%b0%b4%e6%b3%a2-2011\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e00\uff1a\u300c\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u63a2\u6790(\u6797\u6c34\u6ce2, 2011)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%9c%8d%e5%8b%99%e5%8b%95%e6%a9%9f%e3%80%8dpublic-service-motivation-psm%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e6%8e%a2%e8%a8%8e\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e8c\uff1a\u300c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u300d(public service motivation, PSM)\u6982\u5ff5\u63a2\u8a0e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86%e5%be%90%e4%bb%81%e8%bc%9d%e8%80%81%e5%b8%ab%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e09\uff1a\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406(\u5f90\u4ec1\u8f1d\u8001\u5e2b\u7248\u672c)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e6%8e%a2%e6%82%89\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u56db\uff1a\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u63a2\u6089<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%82%b3%e7%b5%b1%e7%9a%84%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e7%90%86%e5%bf%b5%ef%bc%9akettl%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%9e%97%e9%8d%be%e6%b2%822018%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e94\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7406\u5ff5\uff1aKettl\u7684\u5206\u6790(\u6797\u937e\u6c82,2018\u65b0\u7248)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%9a%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e2%80%94%e8%89%be%e6%91%a9%e7%88%be%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e8%a8%88%e7%95%ab%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e6%9e%97%e9%8d%be%e6%b2%822018%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88\" >\u2606\u805a\u7126\u516d\uff1a\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c&#8212;\u827e\u6469\u723e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a08\u756b\u57f7\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6797\u937e\u6c82,2018\u65b0\u7248)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1862\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"wp-image-2102\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/108\u5e74\u9ad8\u666e\u8003-91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u653f\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u3011(108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u540d\u5e2b\u79c1\u623f\u8a71<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u5f9e\u8fd1\u534a\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u4e8b\u8b70\u984c\u6aa2\u8996\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u8003\u9ede\u8acb\u8003\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u95dc\u9375\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u5728\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\u300c\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u516c\u3001\u79c1\u5169\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u300c\u5354\u529b\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002<br \/>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u5099\u53d7\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u50b3\u7d71\u79d1\u5c64\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u5236\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u8207\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6fc0\u52f5\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u58eb\u6c23\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u3002<br \/>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u969b\u884c\u653f\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7b49\u8de8\u570b\u8b70\u984c\u4fc3\u767c\u5b78\u754c\u601d\u8003\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u884c\u653f\u74b0\u5883\u7576\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u884c\u653f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8108\u7d61\u9032\u884c\u610f\u5916\u4e43\u81f3\u98a8\u96aa\u63a7\u7ba1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8003\u79d1\u4e5f\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u5148\u6e96\u5099\u8d77\u4f86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7a81\u8972\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u984c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65b0\u7248\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5716\u8868\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u7565\uff01<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%8d%94%e5%8a%9b%e6%b2%bb%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e6%8e%a2%e6%9e%90%e6%9e%97%e6%b0%b4%e6%b3%a2-2011\"><\/span>\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e00\uff1a\u300c\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u63a2\u6790(\u6797\u6c34\u6ce2, 2011)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u300c\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u8ffd\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u50f9\u503c\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u96d6\u7136\u64c1\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u7336\u8cf4\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8f49\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u843d\u5be6\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u905e\u9001\u65b9\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u95dc\u5982\u82e5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u8a23\u7ac5\u6216\u5fc5\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u5df2\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u8cea\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u82e5\u5f15\u5165\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u5408\u7522\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u6bcf\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5de8\u5e45\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6aa2\u9a57\u5047\u5b9a\u6548\u5ea6\uff1a<br \/>\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u554f\u984c\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u66ab\u6642\u64f1\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u518d\u50be\u807d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u64da\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6574\u5408\u8f03\u5177\u59a5\u7576\u6027\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u8f03\u70ba\u5408\u7406\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u653f\u7b56\u4ed6\u8cf4\u672c\u8cea\uff1a<br \/>\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u7b56\u7e3e\u6548\u7684\u52dd\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5a01\u4fe1\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u652f\u6301\u7684\u722d\u53d6\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6a19\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u8c61\u63d0\u5347\uff1a<br \/>\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u512a\u8cea\u5f62\u8c61\u672c\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u9858\u610f\u653f\u6cbb\u6388\u6b0a\u3001\u6cbb\u7406\u59d4\u4ed8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u512a\u8cea\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u6377\u5f91\u4e43\u7d93\u7531\u986f\u8457\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7e3e\u6548\u800c\u722d\u53d6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7e3e\u6548\u4e4b\u52dd\u51fa\uff0c\u55ae\u9760\u4e00\u65b9\u4e4b\u529b\u6709\u5176\u7a98\u5883\uff0c\u6050\u8981\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u8cf4\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab\u5404\u9805\u57f7\u884c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6b0a\uff0c\u627f\u64d4\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u5167\u7684\u8077\u8cac\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u958b\u95e2\u7e3e\u6548\u6e90\u6e90\u52dd\u51fa\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u9632\u6b62\u6ce8\u610f\u8d64\u5b57\uff1a<br \/>\u57fa\u65bc\u6ce8\u610f\u8d64\u5b57\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5236\u7d04\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u8005\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c31\u96e3\u514d\u6709\u5931\u8aa4\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u65af\u6642\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5982\u96a8\u6642\u555f\u52d5\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7531\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8a71\u8207\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u5fb9\u5e95\u767c\u63ee\u540c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u50be\u807d\uff0c\u4ffe\u8b93\u5c0d\u8a71\u8207\u8a0e\u8ad6\u767c\u63ee\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u9b54\u8853\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7522\u51fa\u66f4\u5177\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u95dc\u7167\u6027\u53ca\u5faa\u8b49\u5c0e\u5411\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u52d5\u76ea\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u7b56\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6e1b\u8f15\u6ce8\u610f\u8d64\u5b57\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5404\u65b9\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u900f\u8996\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5438\u7d0d\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5f4c\u88dc\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e00\u6b21\u6c7a\u7b56\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8cc7\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11\u885d\u64ca\uff1a<br \/>\u5728\u8cc7\u6e90\u78ba\u5be6\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u6cbb\u7406\u7d44\u7e54\u52e2\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u81ea\u4e3b\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5354\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u8cc7\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u7684\u984d\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u70ba\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u8cc7\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6a21\u7cca\u90e8\u9580\u5206\u969b\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u516c\u79c1\u8207\u5fd7\u5de5\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52d5\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u300c\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a<br \/>\u5408\u4f5c\u6c1b\u570d\uff1a<br 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\/>\u70ba\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u5177\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0a\u5f15\u9032\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u96c6\u601d\u5ee3\u76ca\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u958b\u62d3\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u722d\u53d6\u5230\u66f4\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u4e92\u60e0\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\uff1a<br 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\/><br \/>\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u4eab\uff1a<br \/>\u5373\u5169\u9020\u5728\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u601d\u7dad\u3001\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u8996\u6846\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u6216\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u6574\u5408\u6216\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u6216\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6210\u5c31\u55ae\u9020\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u9020\u82e5\u53ea\u60f3\u7368\u4eab\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u8207\u4ed6\u9020\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5354\u529b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e26\u80a9\u4f5c\u6230\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u70ba\u653f\u4e86\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8b58\u5225\u8f49\u578b\uff1a<br \/>\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5169\u9020\uff0c\u5728\u8b58\u5225\u4e0a\u8981\u80fd\u7cbe\u6e96\u5730\u8a8d\u6e05\uff0c\u4e00\u5247\u6a19\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5341\u8db3\u5177\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u518d\u626e\u6f14\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e3b\u52d5\u914d\u5408\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7372\u81f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u884c\u5217\u800c\u589e\u9032\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8e10\u884c\u300c\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u539f\u5247(C. Sirianni \u6559\u6388\u89c0\u9ede)\uff1a<br \/>\u5408\u7522\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u516c\u5171\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4e0d\u61c9\u53ea\u626e\u6f14\u5021\u5c0e\u751f\u7522\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u7e73\u7a05\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u9019\u9805\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6d88\u8cbb\u90a3\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u8207\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u7d93\u7531\u653f\u7b56\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u5165\u5408\u7522\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u9805\u5de5\u5177\u8207\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u990a\u5851\u6210\u6280\u80fd\u512a\u8cea\u3001\u4efb\u8077\u8ca0\u8cac\u53ca\u6548\u80fd\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u751f\u7522\u8005\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u52d5\u54e1\u793e\u5340\u8cc7\u7522\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u61c9\u7528\u5fc3\u767c\u6398\u793e\u5340\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u990a\u5851\u81ea\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u904b\u7528\u5176\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6709\u5f62\u6216\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u793e\u5340\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u5f62\u69cb\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u5925\u4f34\u4fc2\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u6642\u6a5f\u8655\u7f6e\u793e\u5340\u554f\u984c\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5206\u4eab\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u626e\u6f14\u555f\u8499\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8aaa\u670d\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u6c11\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u7dda\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u8f15\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9806\u670d\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u63a8\u5c55\u516c\u5171\u5546\u8b70\uff1a<br \/>\u300c\u5546\u8b70\u300d\u626e\u6f14\u8f49\u5316\u885d\u7a81\u9032\u5165\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea6\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4fd8\u865c\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u5169\u9020\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e92\u52d5\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u5730\u5316\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u4f5c\u6210\u5236\u7d04\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u4fc3\u9032\u6c38\u7e8c\u5408\u5925\uff1a<br \/>\u84cb\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5e95\u76e4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u672c\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u81f3\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u65b7\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a0\u4ee5\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5354\u529b\u5df2\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9020\u5747\u8981\u6709\u8feb\u5207\u610f\u8b58\u4ee5\u5f62\u5851\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7947\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e43\u6700\u5177\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u9ede\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5efa\u7acb\u6cbb\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\uff1a<br \/>\u5728\u5354\u529b\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ad9\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u4e92\u52d5\u4ea4\u6d41\u5275\u9020\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6642\u66f4\u61c9\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5f15\u9032\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8655\u4e8b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u7522\u51fa\u512a\u8cea\u7684\u7e3e\u6548\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u9078\u64c7\u7db2\u7d61\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u6240\u70ba\u4f55\u4e8b\uff1f\u6301\u7e8c\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u55ae\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\uff1f\u6240\u80fd\u532f\u96c6\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u5f48\u6027\u6216\u53d7\u554f\u8cac\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u518d\u6289\u64c7\u5c0d\u61c9\u81ea\u5df1\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8f49\u578b\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u5316\uff1a<br \/>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u57f7\u884c\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u82e5\u672a\u80fd\u56e0\u61c9\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u8abf\u9069\u6709\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u4f5c\u98a8\u3001\u601d\u7dad\u53ca\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u57f7\u884c\u6548\u61c9\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u904e\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u8a31\u3002\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u82e5\u7336\u626e\u6f14\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ad4\u8a8d\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u516c\u5171\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65bd\u529b\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u6703\u6253\u6298\u6263\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8af8\u591a\u653f\u7b56\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u9054\u5230\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4ea6\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u78ba\u7acb\u76f8\u4e92\u554f\u8cac\uff1a<br \/>\u554f\u8cac\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\u8207\u767c\u9175\u672c\u8981\u5728\u591a\u5143\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u652f\u6490\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u4e00\u70ba\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u63a5\u8fd1\u6cbb\u7406\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u767c\u6398\u53ef\u53d7\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff1b\u4e8c\u70ba\u88ab\u554f\u8cac\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u6a19\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8aaa\u660e\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5faa\u8b49\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f86\u8b49\u6210\u63a1\u53d6\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff1b\u4e09\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u610f\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5411\u63a5\u53d7\u554f\u8cac\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u9069\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u8aaa\u660e\uff1b\u56db\u70ba\u88ab\u554f\u8cac\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u5f62\u5851\u7fa9\u52d9\u611f\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u65b9\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u8cea\u7591\uff1b\u4e94\u70ba\u5728\u8861\u91cf\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u8b49\u6210\u6240\u63a1\u4f5c\u70ba\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u5b89\u6392\u5c0d\u8a71\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u4fe1\u5b88\u4e0b\u505a\u6210\u5176\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%9c%8d%e5%8b%99%e5%8b%95%e6%a9%9f%e3%80%8dpublic-service-motivation-psm%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e6%8e%a2%e8%a8%8e\"><\/span>\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e8c\uff1a\u300c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u300d(public service motivation, PSM)\u6982\u5ff5\u63a2\u8a0e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff1aPerry\u8207Wise\u5169\u4f4d\u6559\u6388(1990)<br \/>\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<br \/>\u6fc0\u52f5\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u662f\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u3001\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cBehn\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u52d5\u6a5f\u554f\u984c\u300d\u4e43\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u91cd\u5927\u4e3b\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u5171\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u300c\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u300d(economic man)\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5e02\u5834\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u7e3d\u662f\u6703\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5e02\u5834\u4ee5\u81ea\u5229\u70ba\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5e02\u5834\u4ee5\u5229\u4ed6\u70ba\u572d\u81ec\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u8ad6\u8ff0\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u4ecd\u660e\u986f\u7684\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9858\u610f\u72a7\u7272\u5949\u737b\u7684\u300c\u6709\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u8005\u300d(principled agents)\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u5229\uff1b\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u9664\u4e86\u300c\u5916\u5728\u734e\u52f5\u300d(extrinsic rewards)\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u53d7\u5230\u8207\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u300c\u5167\u5728\u734e\u52f5\u300d(intrinsic rewards)\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br \/><br \/>PSM\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff1a<br \/>\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u6240\u9a45\u4f7f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u3002<br \/>\u4e09\u5927\u57fa\u790e\u52d5\u6a5f\uff1a<br \/>\u7406\u6027\u52d5\u6a5f(rational motive)\uff1a<br \/>\u8ffd\u6c42\u500b\u4eba\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53c3\u8207\u5236\u5b9a\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u51fa\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u540c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u500b\u516c\u5171\u9805\u76ee\u3001\u5c0d\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u3002<br \/>\u898f\u7bc4\u52d5\u6a5f(norm-base motive)\uff1a<br \/>\u6307\u5c0d\u898f\u7bc4\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u9075\u5f9e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3001\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5e73\u7b49\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<br \/>\u60c5\u611f\u52d5\u6a5f(affective motive)\uff1a<br \/>\u6307\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u5c0d\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u71b1\u611b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u56db\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u69cb\u9762\uff1a<br \/>\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<br \/>\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0f\u516c\u6c11\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002<br \/>\u6190\u61ab\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002<br \/>\u81ea\u6211\u72a7\u7272\u3002<br \/><br \/>PSM\u7684\u524d\u56e0\u8b8a\u6578\uff1a<br \/>\u793e\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u74b0\u5883(sociohistorical content)\uff1a\u5982\u6559\u80b2(\u5305\u542b\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e59\u5c08\u696d\u8a13\u7df4)\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5316(\u5305\u542b\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2)\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u5305\u542b\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u6a21\u7bc4\u5b78\u7fd2)\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5316(\u5305\u542b\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2)\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u5305\u542b\u89c0\u5bdf\u5373\u6a21\u7bc4\u5b78\u7fd2)\u3002<br \/>\u52d5\u6a5f\u74b0\u5883(motivational content)\uff1a\u5982\u6a5f\u5236(\u5305\u542b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b)\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7279\u5fb5\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u8a98\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u5fb5(individual characteristic)\uff1a\u5982\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u7d04\u675f\u7b49\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u63d0\u5347PSM\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a<br \/>\u5f9e\u300c\u50f9\u503c\u7ba1\u7406\u300d(managing by values\uff0c MBV)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u767c\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u50f9\u503c\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u805a\u7126\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u5d4c\u5165\u7d44\u7e54\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u7d44\u7e54\u50f9\u503c\u70ba\u6fc0\u52f5\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u5f62\u5851\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u8b93\u6210\u54e1\u540c\u6642\u5b8c\u6210\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u800c\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u7368\u7279\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u505a\u70ba\u50f9\u503c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6a19\u7684\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5f9e\u500b\u4eba\u5c64\u7d1a\u4f86\u52aa\u529b\uff1a<br \/>\u9ad8\u968e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9762\u5411\uff1a<br \/>\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u300c\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u300d(mission statement) \u53ca\u300c\u50f9\u503c\u6cd5\u5178\u300d(codes of value)\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u5c55\u73fe\u7d66\u5916\u754c\u77e5\u6089\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u4e26\u64da\u6b64\u8207\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u5c07\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8a00\u884c\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7dca\u5bc6\u7d50\u5408\u3002<br \/>\u4e2d\u968e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5c64\u9762\uff1a<br \/>\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u300c\u8f49\u63db\u578b\u9818\u5c0e\u300d\u9054\u5230\u4e0b\u5217\u56db\u5927\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u9b45\u529b\u5f71\u97ff(charisma or ideailzed influence)\uff1a\u6307\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5177\u6709\u9060\u898b\u8207\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u54e1\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u6210\u54e1\u9858\u610f\u9075\u7167\u5176\u6307\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6fc0\u767c\u52d5\u6a5f(inspirational motivation)\uff1a\u6307\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u904b\u7528\u5176\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u50b3\u9054\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u4f7f\u54e1\u5de5\u5728\u6a02\u89c0\u8207\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u77e5\u8b58\u555f\u767c(intellectual stimulation)\uff1a\u6307\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u9f13\u52f5\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0a\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4ee5\u5f80\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e3e\u6548\u9032\u884c\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\u5713\u6eff\u3002<br \/>\u500b\u5225\u95dc\u61f7(individualized consideration)\uff1a\u6307\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u91dd\u5c0d\u6210\u54e1\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u7d66\u4e88\u500b\u5225\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u6210\u54e1\u611f\u5230\u5099\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\u56e0\u800c\u52a0\u500d\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u56e0\u800c\u8207\u6210\u54e1\u5efa\u7acb\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u4f7f\u6210\u54e1\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u878d\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\u3002<br \/>\u57fa\u5c64\u4eba\u54e1\u5c64\u9762\uff1a<br \/>\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u63db\u7406\u8ad6(social exchange theory)\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u54e1\u5de5\u4ee5\u96d9\u65b9\u4e92\u60e0\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u52de\u8cc7\u96d9\u65b9\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\uff0c\u4e92\u60e0\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91d1\u9322\u3001\u7269\u54c1\u3001\u8077\u4f4d\u3001\u95dc\u5fc3\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u7b49\u3002\u7576\u54e1\u5de5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u5951\u7d04\u300d(psychological contract) \u56e0\u4ea4\u63db\u7372\u5f97\u5be6\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5de5\u4f5c\u614b\u5ea6\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e3e\u6548\u7686\u6703\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u5f9e\u7d44\u7e54\u5c64\u7d1a\u4f86\u52aa\u529b\uff1a<br \/>\u9577\u671f\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6295\u8eab\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\uff0c\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u8a55\u4f30\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8cea\u662f\u5426\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u76f8\u5951\u5408\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6548\u679c\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u653f\u5e9c\u6c7a\u7b56\u529b\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u529b\u3001\u56de\u61c9\u529b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8b93\u6c11\u773e\u6162\u6162\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u5370\u8c61\u6539\u89c0\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u653f\u5e9c\u54c1\u724c\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u300c\u54c1\u724c\u4eba\u683c\u300d(brand personality)\u3002<br \/>\u4e2d\u671f\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\u8abf\u6574\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u62db\u52df\u8207\u7504\u9078\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u300c\u8077\u80fd\u51b0\u5c71\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(competency iceberg theory)\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u5c6c\u300c\u5167\u96b1\u8077\u80fd\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u8003\u8a66\u4e00\u9014\u9032\u884c\u5fb5\u9078\u53ea\u80fd\u8a55\u4f30\u300c\u5916\u986f\u8077\u80fd\u300d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c(core value)\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u5217\u5165\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u73fe\u8aa0\u4fe1\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u72a7\u7272\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7b49\u4ee5\u8b93\u7e3e\u6548\u8a55\u4f30\u8207\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u8207\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u64da\u4ee5\u7576\u6210\u5347\u9077\u8a55\u4f30\u6e96\u5247\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br \/>\u77ed\u671f\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/>\u6839\u64da\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5fd7\u9858\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u9a57\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6bd4\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u500b\u6848\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u6216\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u5b78\u7fd2\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u63a5\u89f8\u6e9d\u901a\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u516c\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u751f\u6d3b\u9020\u6210\u90a3\u4e9b\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u8b93\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u77ad\u89e3\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u6fc0\u767c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u71b1\u5ff1\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86%e5%be%90%e4%bb%81%e8%bc%9d%e8%80%81%e5%b8%ab%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac\"><\/span>\u2606\u805a\u7126\u4e09\uff1a\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406(\u5f90\u4ec1\u8f1d\u8001\u5e2b\u7248\u672c)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u25a0\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u8ca1\u7522\u640d\u58de(damage of property)\uff1a<br \/>\u56e0\u4f5c\u696d\u758f\u5ffd\u3001\u706b\u707d\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u707d\u5bb3\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u7b49\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u8207\u8a2d\u5099\u7b49\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6bc0\u640d\u3002<br \/>\u8ca1\u7522\u640d\u5931(loss of property)\uff1a<br \/>\u56e0\u6c11\u773e\u6216\u696d\u52d9\u5f80\u4f86\u5ee0\u5546\u7684\u4e0d\u8aa0\u5be6\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u4e0a\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002<br \/>\u6240\u5f97\u640d\u5931(loss of income)\uff1a<br \/>\u56e0\u5929\u7136\u707d\u5bb3\u6216\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4e0d\u826f\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u6216\u7dad\u8b77\u6210\u672c\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u706b\u707d\u800c\u95dc\u9589\u505c\u8eca\u5834\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u505c\u8eca\u8cbb\u6536\u5165\u77ed\u6536\u3002<br \/>\u8cac\u4efb\u589e\u52a0(liability)\uff1a<br \/>\u56e0\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u57f7\u884c\u516c\u52d9\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u6216\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<br \/>\u54e1\u5de5\u5065\u5eb7(employee health)\uff1a<br \/>\u56e0\u54e1\u5de5\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u610f\u5916\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u516c\u52d9\u7684\u5ef6\u8aa4\u6216\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u25a0\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u53d6\u6d88\uff1a<br \/>\u53ef\u85c9\u8b8a\u66f4\u4f5c\u696d\u6d41\u7a0b\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6b62\u67d0\u9805\u670d\u52d9\u4f86\u53d6\u6d88\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u8a2d\u5099\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u4e0d\u826f\u99d5\u99db\u7d00\u9304\u8005\u958b\u516c\u52d9\u8eca\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u8b49\u5be6\u6709\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5834\u6240\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u6e1b\u8f15(risk reduction)\uff1a<br \/>\u5982\u98a8\u96aa\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8a08\u756b\u6216\u4f5c\u696d\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u66f4\u61c9\u96a8\u6642\u6aa2\u67e5\u5404\u9805\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u627f\u64d4\uff1a<br \/>\u82e5\u7279\u5b9a\u98a8\u96aa\u640d\u5931\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u800c\u6a5f\u95dc\u53c8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u5176\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u6b64\u98a8\u96aa\u4e88\u4ee5\u627f\u64d4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a2d\u5099\u7d93\u5e38\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u8ca1\u52d9\u65b9\u5f0f(\u5982\u640d\u5931\u6e96\u5099)\u5c07\u6b64\u6210\u672c\u5167\u5316\u3002<br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u79fb\u8f49\uff1a<br \/>\u4e0d\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u5373\u61c9\u79fb\u8f49\uff0c\u79fb\u8f49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u6cd5\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5c07\u640d\u5931\u79fb\u8f49\u7d66\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u6709\u696d\u52d9\u5f80\u4f86\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5982\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u63a1\u8cfc\u6642\uff0c\u65bc\u5408\u7d04\u5167\u8a3b\u660e\u5ee0\u5546\u61c9\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u25a0\u57f7\u884c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a<br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u7d44\u7e54\u5167\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u90e8\u9580\u53ef\u80fd\u7d93\u5e38\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u98a8\u96aa\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u696d\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u9020\u6210\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u96c6\u4e2d\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u90e8\u9580\u6216\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u53ef\u5c0d\u98a8\u96aa\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u5354\u8abf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\u7d93\u5e38\u6709\u5c08\u8cac\u7684\u90e8\u9580\u8ca0\u8cac\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\u5247\u53ef\u5c07\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u696d\u52d9\u96c6\u4e2d\u6388\u6b0a\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002<br \/>\u9069\u7576\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\uff1a<br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u9664\u4e86\u61c9\u5177\u5099\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u61c9\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u6e9d\u901a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u5354\u8abf\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u914d\u5408\u3002<br \/>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4fdd\u7ba1\uff1a<br \/>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u5305\u62ec\u8acb\u6c42\u4fdd\u96aa\u7d66\u4ed8\u7684\u5831\u544a\u7d00\u9304\u3001\u78ba\u8a8d\u640d\u5931\u56e0\u8207\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u5831\u544a\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u4f30\u50f9\u5831\u544a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u8207\u8a2d\u5099\u4f30\u50f9\u5831\u544a\u3001\u4fdd\u55ae\u8207\u6db5\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d\u7d00\u9304\u3001\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u96aa\u7d00\u9304\u3001\u4fdd\u96aa\u624b\u518a\u7b49\u3002<br \/>\u660e\u6587\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u4f5c\u696d\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a<br \/>\u4f55\u7a2e\u98a8\u96aa\u61c9\u6db5\u84cb\uff1f\u00a0<br \/>\u4f55\u7a2e\u98a8\u96aa\u8b93\u5176\u4fdd\u7559\uff1f<br \/>\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4f55\u7a2e\u4fdd\u96aa\uff1f<br \/>\u9078\u64c7\u4fdd\u96aa\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<br \/>\u4f55\u7a2e\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u61c9\u63a1\u884c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u63a1\u884c\uff1f\u8861\u91cf\u7e3e\u6548\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%98%86%e8%81%9a%e7%84%a6%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8d%e6%8e%a2%e6%82%89\"><\/span>\u2606\u805a\u7126\u56db\uff1a\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u63a2\u6089<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a<br \/><br \/>\u96a8\u8457\u5168\u7403\u5316\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e16\u5c40\u6108\u76ca\u5feb\u901f\u591a\u8b8a\u4e14\u5287\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406(RiskManagement\uff09\u4e43\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u6c23\u3001\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u52d5\u8207\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u92fc\u9435\u696d\u5927\u7f77\u5de5\u53ca\u901a\u7528\u6c7d\u8eca\u5de8\u707d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4f01\u696d\u70ba\u56e0\u61c9\u7d93\u71df\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u7d1b\u7d1b\u8a2d\u7acb\u4fdd\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u5275\u8b70\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u81ea1938\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u5c0d\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u7528\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u7d93\u9010\u6b65\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7d93\u9a57\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6210\u70ba\ue222\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u81f3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u3001\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u5340\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u6211\u570b\u65bc\u6c11\u570b96\u5e74\u53c3\u8003\u5f15\u9032\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u63a8\u52d5\u653f\u5e9c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8a02\u9812\u300c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u6240\u5c6c\u5404\u6a5f\u95dc\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u5371\u6a5f\u8655\u7406\u4f5c\u696d\u57fa\u6e96\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u7de8\u8a02\u300c\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u5371\u6a5f\u8655\u7406\u4f5c\u696d\u624b\u518a\u300d\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u5404\u6a5f\u95dc\u5efa\u7acb\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u4f9d\u64da\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u8a08\u756b\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u6548\u76ca\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u8a08\u756b\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u826f\u7ab3\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u6548\u80fd\u53ca\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u653f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\ue222\u74b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u5c0e\u5165\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u6cbb\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u8a08\u756b\u9032\u5ea6\u5ef6\u8aa4\u3001\u54c1\u8cea\u4e0d\u826f\u548c\u63a8\u52d5\u4e0d\u6613\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a08\u756b\u5982\u671f\u5982\u8cea\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u898f\u5283\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u9810\u6e2c\u65bd\u653f\u8a08\u756b\u57f7\u884c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u6703\u53ca\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u65bc\u6b0a\u8cac\u7684\u5283\u5206\u548c\u9810\u7b97\u7de8\u5217\u3002<br \/><br \/>\u8a08\u756b\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff1a<br \/><br 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