{"id":1890,"date":"2021-05-21T15:24:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T07:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1890"},"modified":"2021-08-06T10:19:31","modified_gmt":"2021-08-06T02:19:31","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e6%99%ae%e8%80%83%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e7%b8%bd%e8%a4%87%e7%bf%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=1890","title":{"rendered":"\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406-\u9069\u7528\u9ad8\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u653f\u3001\u7e3e\u6548\u5be9\u8a08-\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u653f\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u3010\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3011(108\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u25c6Graham Allison(1971)Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis.\u5c07\u653f\u5e9c\u6c7a\u7b56\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff1a\u3010\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\uff1aMichael Hill(1997)The Policy Process In The Modern State(NJ: Prentice Hall), pp. 25-26.\u3011


\u7406\u6027\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u6a21\u578b(Rational Actor Model)

\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u8490\u96c6\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5404\u9805\u9078\u6848\u4e4b\u6210\u672c\u8207\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4f73\u9078\u6848\u505a\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u3001\u767d\u5bae\u9ad8\u5c64\u5e55\u50da\u3001\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u9ad8\u968e\u5c07\u9818\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u8490\u96c6\u5927\u91cf\u60c5\u8cc7\u3001\u6b77\u7d93\u7121\u6578\u56de\u5408\u7684\u5206\u6790\u904e\u7a0b\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u570d\u5835\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u53e4\u5df4\u4f4e\u982d\u3001\u8b93\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9078\u6848\u3002

\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5168\u7136\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u7d93\u9a57\u8cc7\u6599\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u547d\u984c\u505a\u70ba\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u3002

\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u60c5\u5831\u8490\u96c6\u3001\u9810\u6e2c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u3002

\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0d\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ffd\u7565\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u885d\u7a81\u904e\u7a0b\u3002

\u7d44\u7e54\u904e\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b(Organization Process Model)

\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4f5c\u696d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6163\u4f8b\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6c7a\u7b56\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4f5c\u696d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u767d\u5bae\u3001\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u3001\u570b\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6163\u4f8b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8f03\u70ba\u6298\u8877\u3001\u4e0d\u8d70\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u679c—\u4ee5\u570d\u5835(\u800c\u975e\u5ba3\u6230\u6216\u5abe\u548c)\u4f5c\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u53e4\u5df4\u98db\u5f48\u5371\u6a5f\u4e4b\u7b56\u7565\u3002

\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20(\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u6163\u4f8b)\u5c07\u5c0d\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u7d50\u679c\u7522\u751f\u5be6\u8cea\u5f71\u97ff\u3002

\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u91cd\u8996\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5be6\u52d9\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6c7a\u7b56\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002

\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u904e\u5ea6\u91cd\u8996\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u50c5\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u6f38\u9032\u6027\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u5275\u65b0\u6216\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e4b\u7522\u751f\u56e0\u7d20\u3002

\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u578b(Government Politics Model)

\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u591a\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3001\u59a5\u5354\u904e\u7a0b\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u9580\u8207\u570b\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u9d3f\u6d3e(\u4e3b\u548c\u6d3e)\u53ca\u9df9\u6d3e(\u4e3b\u6230\u6d3e)\u5728\u6b77\u7d93\u591a\u56de\u5408\u885d\u7a81\u3001\u5354\u5546\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6298\u8877\u65b9\u6848—\u570d\u5835—\u505a\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u57fa\u790e\u3002

\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u6c7a\u7b56\u7d50\u679c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u591a\u5143\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u885d\u7a81\u3001\u8b70\u50f9\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u00a0

\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u6b0a\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0d\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5be6\u52d9\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6c7a\u7b56\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002

\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6c7a\u7b56\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4b\u7406\u5ff5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u8981\u7d20\u3002

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u25c6\u5f71\u5b50\u50f9\u683c(shadow price)\uff1b\u5f71\u5b50\u50f9\u683c\u5206\u6790(shadow pricing)\u3010\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u6539\u5beb\u81ea\uff1aWilliam N. Dunn(2004)Public Policy Analysis, 3rd ed.(NJ: Prentice Hall), pp. 254-256.\u3011

\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u7576\u7279\u5b9a\u7d93\u6fdf\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u6216\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6642(\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6216\u5229\u76ca)\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u85c9\u4e3b\u89c0\u5224\u65b7\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u6216\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u8ca8\u5e63\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u904e\u7a0b\u3002

\u6aa2\u6e2c\u9014\u5f91\uff1a
\u6bd4\u8f03\u50f9\u683c(comparative prices)\uff1a\u85c9\u7531\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f3c\u9805\u76ee\u4f86\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ca1\u8ca8\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u5de5\u8cc7\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u4f11\u9592\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u50f9\u683c\u3002
\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u9078\u64c7(consumer choice)\uff1a\u85c9\u7531\u6bd4\u8f03\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u8ca1\u8ca8\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u89c0\u5bdf\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5728\u300c\u4f4e\u6210\u672c-\u9ad8\u8017\u6642\u300d\u8207\u300c\u9ad8\u6210\u672c-\u4f4e\u8017\u6642\u300d\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u63a8\u4f30\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u9858\u610f\u82b1\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u50f9\u4f86\u7e2e\u77ed\u4ea4\u901a\u6642\u9593\u3002
\u5f15\u4f38\u9700\u6c42(derived demand)\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda(demand curve)\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u8ca1\u8ca8\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u884c\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u516c\u5171\u516c\u5712\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002
\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u6790(survey analysis)\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u554f\u5377\u6216\u8a2a\u8ac7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8abf\u67e5\u6a19\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9858\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u7279\u5b9a\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u8ca8\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u85c9\u8a2a\u8ac7\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u4f86\u77ad\u89e3\u5176\u9858\u610f\u652f\u4ed8\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u50f9\u4f86\u7dad\u8b77\u516c\u5712\u4e4b\u6e05\u6f54\u3002
\u88dc\u511f\u6210\u672c(cost of compensation)\uff1a\u85c9\u7531\u77ef\u6b63\u7279\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6b32\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u6210\u672c\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u8a72\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u50f9\u683c(\u901a\u5e38\u91dd\u5c0d\u8ca0\u9762\u7d50\u679c)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u6de8\u5316\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\u4f86\u63a8\u4f30\u6c34\u6e90\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002

\"\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a>>\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u9ad8\u666e\u8003\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u653f\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[200,210],"tags":[202,201,176],"class_list":["post-1890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gaopu-exam-general-review","category-general-review","tag-202","tag-201","tag-176"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1890"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3200,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890\/revisions\/3200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}