{"id":2322,"date":"2021-06-15T16:38:30","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T08:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322"},"modified":"2021-07-29T16:14:55","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:14:55","slug":"%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e8%a1%8c%e6%94%bf%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8-108%e5%b9%b4%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9d%e5%88%ba-%e9%80%99%e4%ba%9b%e8%a7%80%e5%bf%b5%e4%bd%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u6703\u884c\u653f\u793e\u6703\u5b78-108\u5e74\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8770e2419dc\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8770e2419dc\"  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href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e5%9c%a8%e5%90%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e4%b8%ad%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e8%88%87%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e9%81%8e%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%b8%b8%e5%8f%af%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e6%9c%89%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b9%e6%ba%90%e4%be%9d%e9%99%84primordial-attachment%ef%bc%89%e5%8f%8a%e6%b1%a1%e5%90%8d%e5%8c%96%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8cstigmatized-identity%ef%bc%89%e3%80%82%e8%a9%a6%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e9%80%99%e5%85%a9%e5%80%8b%e9%97%9c%e6%96%bc%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%a6%e5%90%84%e8%88%89%e4%b8%80%e5%af%a6%e4%be%8b%e9%97%a1%e9%87%8b%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%82\" >\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u5404\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u6709\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4f9d\u9644(primordial attachment\uff09\u53ca\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u8a8d\u540c(stigmatized identity\uff09\u3002\u8a66\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u5404\u8209\u4e00\u5be6\u4f8b\u95e1\u91cb\u4e4b\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82%e7%9a%84%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%ef%bc%9f\" >\u4e8c\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u985e\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%b2%a7%e5%af%8c%e5%b7%ae%e8%b7%9d%e6%98%af%e7%95%b6%e5%89%8d%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e6%b0%91%e7%9c%be%e6%99%ae%e9%81%8d%e6%84%9f%e5%8f%97%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%8c%e8%a9%a6%e5%be%9e%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e9%9f%8b%e4%bc%af%e7%9a%84%e9%9a%8e%e5%b1%a4%e5%8c%96%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e4%be%86%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e9%80%a0%e6%88%90m%e5%9e%8b%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%82\" >\u4e09\u3001\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u662f\u7576\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u666e\u904d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a66\u5f9e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4ee5\u53ca\u97cb\u4f2f\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9020\u6210M\u578b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%812017%e5%b9%b410%e6%9c%88%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e5%a5%b3%e6%98%9f%e8%89%be%e8%8e%89%e8%8e%8e%c2%b7%e7%b1%b3%e8%98%ad%e8%ab%be%e6%96%bc%e7%a4%be%e7%be%a4%e5%aa%92%e9%ab%94%e6%8e%a8%e7%89%b9%e4%b8%8a%e5%85%ac%e9%96%8b%e8%ad%b4%e8%b2%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%ef%bc%8c%e5%bc%95%e7%99%bc%e5%90%84%e5%9c%8b%e9%9f%bf%e6%87%89%e3%80%82%e8%a9%a6%e5%be%9e%e8%b3%87%e6%ba%90%e5%8b%95%e5%93%a1%e8%ab%96%e8%88%87%e6%96%b0%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90me-too%e6%88%90%e7%82%ba%e4%b8%80%e8%82%a1%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e5%8c%96%e9%a2%a8%e6%bd%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%82\" >\u56db\u30012017\u5e7410\u6708\u7f8e\u570b\u5973\u661f\u827e\u8389\u838e\u00b7\u7c73\u862d\u8afe\u65bc\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\u516c\u958b\u8b74\u8cac\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u570b\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u8a66\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6e90\u52d5\u54e1\u8ad6\u8207\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u5206\u6790Me Too\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u80a1\u5168\u7403\u5316\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%ba%e8%aa%8d%e7%82%ba%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e5%b7%b2%e7%b6%93%e9%80%b2%e5%85%a5%e6%89%80%e8%ac%82%e3%80%8c%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%8c%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%85%b7%e6%9c%89%e9%82%a3%e4%ba%9b%e7%89%b9%e5%be%b5%ef%bc%9f%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e7%ac%a6%e5%90%88%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e7%9a%84%e7%89%b9%e5%be%b5%ef%bc%9f\" >\u4e94\u3001\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u5177\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff1f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e9%9a%a8%e8%91%97%e6%96%b0%e7%9a%84%e7%b6%b2%e8%b7%af%e7%a7%91%e6%8a%80%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%ef%bc%8c%e4%bd%a0%e8%aa%8d%e7%82%ba%e7%a7%91%e6%8a%80%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e9%99%8d%e4%bd%8e%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e3%80%81%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e3%80%81%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e3%80%81%e9%9a%8e%e7%b4%9a%e4%b9%8b%e9%96%93%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8d%e5%b9%b3%e7%ad%89%ef%bc%9f%e8%ab%8b%e8%88%89%e4%be%8b%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%82\" >\u516d\u3001\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f\u8acb\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u4e4b\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e6%a0%b9%e6%93%9a%e5%85%a7%e6%94%bf%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%88%e9%a1%af%e7%a4%ba%e5%87%ba%e4%be%86%e6%88%aa%e8%87%b32016%e5%b9%b4%e7%82%ba%e6%ad%a2%ef%bc%8c%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e4%b8%80%e5%9c%b0%e7%94%b7%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e5%a9%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e5%b9%b3%e5%9d%87%e6%95%b8%e7%82%ba324%e6%ad%b2%ef%bc%8c%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e7%82%ba30%e6%ad%b2%ef%bc%8c%e5%85%a9%e8%80%85%e5%9d%87%e5%87%ba%e7%8f%be%e9%81%9e%e5%bb%b6%e6%99%9a%e5%a9%9a%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%8d%e6%ad%a4%ef%bc%8c%e8%ab%8b%e9%80%b2%e4%b8%80%e6%ad%a5%e8%ab%96%e8%bf%b0%e8%a9%b2%e9%a0%85%e9%81%b2%e5%a9%9a%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e6%9c%ac%e8%ba%ab%e6%89%80%e9%9a%b1%e5%90%ab%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8%e6%84%8f%e6%b6%b5%e3%80%82\" >\u4e03\u3001\u6839\u64da\u5167\u653f\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u622a\u81f32016\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u4e00\u5730\u7537\u6027\u7684\u521d\u5a5a\u5e74\u9f61\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u70ba32.4\u6b72\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u70ba30\u6b72\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5747\u51fa\u73fe\u905e\u5ef6\u665a\u5a5a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u8acb\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a72\u9805\u9072\u5a5a\u73fe\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u610f\u6db5\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e8%bf%91%e5%b9%b4%e4%be%86%e9%87%9d%e5%b0%8d%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%84%e5%90%84%e7%a8%ae%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e6%89%8b%e6%ae%b5%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%80%e6%9c%89%e6%89%80%e8%ac%82%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8drestorative-justice%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%8d%e6%ad%a4%ef%bc%8c%e8%ab%8b%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e3%80%8c%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8d%e7%9a%84%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e9%81%8b%e4%bd%9c%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%e3%80%82\" >\u516b\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u300d(restorative justice)\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u8acb\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u6db5\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%ab%8b%e5%be%9e%e4%ba%ba%e6%89%8d%e3%80%81%e9%8c%a2%e8%b2%a1%e8%88%87%e9%a1%8c%e6%9d%90%e7%ad%89%e8%80%83%e5%af%9f%e4%bb%8b%e9%9d%a2%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6%e9%9d%9e%e7%87%9f%e5%88%a9%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94not-profit-organization%e9%80%b2%e8%a1%8c%e5%bb%ba%e7%bd%ae%e8%ae%8a%e9%9d%a9%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b8%e9%97%9c%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e3%80%82\" >\u5341\u3001\u8acb\u5f9e\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u9322\u8ca1\u8207\u984c\u6750\u7b49\u8003\u5bdf\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54(not-profit organization)\u9032\u884c\u5efa\u7f6e\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2322\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a>>\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-19.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-19.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-19-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8003\u884c\u653f\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3011(108\u5730\u65b9\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e5%9c%a8%e5%90%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e4%b8%ad%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e8%88%87%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e9%81%8e%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%b8%b8%e5%8f%af%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e6%9c%89%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b9%e6%ba%90%e4%be%9d%e9%99%84primordial-attachment%ef%bc%89%e5%8f%8a%e6%b1%a1%e5%90%8d%e5%8c%96%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8cstigmatized-identity%ef%bc%89%e3%80%82%e8%a9%a6%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e9%80%99%e5%85%a9%e5%80%8b%e9%97%9c%e6%96%bc%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e8%aa%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%a6%e5%90%84%e8%88%89%e4%b8%80%e5%af%a6%e4%be%8b%e9%97%a1%e9%87%8b%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u5404\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u6709\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4f9d\u9644(primordial attachment\uff09\u53ca\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u8a8d\u540c(stigmatized identity\uff09\u3002\u8a66\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u5404\u8209\u4e00\u5be6\u4f8b\u95e1\u91cb\u4e4b\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011\uff1a&nbsp;<br>\u7a2e\u65cf\u662f\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89ba\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5dee\u5225\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff1b\u800c\u65cf\u7fa4\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89ba\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5225\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300c\u65cf\u7fa4\u5718\u9ad4\u300d(ethnic group)\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u89ba\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u5225\u4eba\u4e5f\u611f\u89ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u7fd2\u4fd7\u8207\u98df\u7269\u504f\u597d\u7b49\u3002<br>\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c(ethnic identity)\uff1a\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u9644\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u6fc0\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u529b\u91cf\u3002<br>\u6839\u6e90\u4f9d\u9644(primordial attachment)\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u65cf\u7fa4\u6210\u54e1\u7531\u65bc\u8840\u7de3\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u61b6\u7b49\u6839\u57fa\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<br>\u6c59\u540d\u5316\u8a8d\u540c(stigmatized identity)\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u8f03\u70ba\u512a\u52e2\u6216\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u8ce6\u4e88\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u3001\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9020\u6210\u9019\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u672c\u8eab\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u8a55\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82%e7%9a%84%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%ef%bc%9f\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u985e\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011\uff1a&nbsp;<br>\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u53cd\u61c9<br>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61(Stereotype)\uff1a\u5c07\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u50f5\u5316\u5730\u9023\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9047\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<br>\u504f\u898b(Prejudice)\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u7d55\u5c0d\u5730\u559c\u6b61\u6216\u8a0e\u53ad\u4e00\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u6216\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5982\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u6027\u76f8\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6216\u8077\u696d\u7b49\u3002\u504f\u898b\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u500b\u5718\u9ad4\u62b1\u6301\u9810\u8a2d\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u5e38\u57fa\u65bc\u9053\u807d\u5857\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u5373\u4f7f\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u62b1\u6301\u6709\u5229\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u5247\u62b1\u6301\u8ca0\u9762\u504f\u898b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5718\u9ad4\u5831\u6301\u8ca0\u9762\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u5145\u5206\u8046\u807d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u6b67\u8996(Discrimination,\u6216\u8b6f\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047)\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u525d\u596a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7121\u6cd5\u53c3\u8207\u958b\u653e\u7d66\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u504f\u898b\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u800c\u6b67\u8996\u5247\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u504f\u898b\u5e38\u662f\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u81ea\u5206\u958b\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u504f\u898b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ed8\u8af8\u884c\u52d5\uff1b\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u6b67\u8996\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u81ea\u504f\u898b\u3002<br>\u5236\u5ea6\u6b67\u8996(Institutional Discrimination)\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4fbf\u65bc\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u62d2\u7d55\u67d0\u4e00\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u8207\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<br>\u65cf\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u61c9\u5c0d\u6a21\u5f0f(\u8521\u6587\u8f1d\uff1b\u674e\u660e\u653f)<br>\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5A\u3001B\u3001C\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a<br>\u7194\u7210\u6a21\u5f0f(The Melting Pot Model)\uff1aA+B+C=D<br>\u610f\u6307\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u653e\u68c4\u500b\u81ea\u7684\u539f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5efa\u69cb\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u7194\u7210\uff0c\u96d6\u7136WASP(\u767d\u7a2e\u4eba\u3001\u6602\u683c\u9b6f\u85a9\u514b\u905c\u4eba\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92)\u4e4b\u8eab\u5206\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002<br>\u540c\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f(The Assimilation Model)\uff1aA+B+C=A<br>\u610f\u6307\u5404\u500b\u5f31\u52e2\u65cf\u7fa4\u63a5\u53d7\u5f37\u52e2\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u653e\u68c4\u500b\u81ea\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u539f\u6f22\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6b63\u540d\u904b\u52d5\u958b\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7686\u88ab\u8feb\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6bcd\u8a9e\u3001\u59d3\u6c0f\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u6f22\u4eba\u7684\u5bb0\u5236\u4e0b\u9677\u5165\u5167\u90e8\u6b96\u6c11(internal colonization)\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88e1\u3002<br>\u591a\u5143\u8ad6\u6a21\u5f0f(The Pluralism Model)\uff1aA+B+C=A+B+C<br>\u610f\u6307\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9(cultural pluralism)\u4e3b\u5f35\u4fdd\u7559\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u62d2\u7d55\u8b93\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\uff1b\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9(multiculturalism)\u9664\u4e86\u4e3b\u5f35\u4fdd\u7559\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u539f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u570b\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u63a8\u52d5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<br>\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u5177\u9ad4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u65cf\u88d4\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u627f\u8a8d\u65cf\u7fa4\u793e\u5340\u4e26\u7d66\u4e88\u8ca1\u52d9\u63f4\u52a9(\u4f8b\u5982\u8a2d\u7acb\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u63f4\u8ca1\u52d9\uff0c\u8d0a\u52a9\u7d93\u71df\u798f\u5229\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u5b89\u990a\u9662\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u798f\u5229\u670d\u52d9\u4e8b\u696d)\uff1b\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u6838\u51c6\u4e26\u51fa\u8cc7\u8d0a\u52a9\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u63f4\u734e\u52f5\u65cf\u7fa4\u76f8\u95dc\u4e8b\u696d\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3001\u53e3\u8b6f\u7b49\u670d\u52d9(\u5982\u96fb\u8a71\u53e3\u8b6f\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u91ab\u9662\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u6a5f\u69cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u670d\u52d9)\uff1b\u516c\u5171\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u570b\u8a9e\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u8aaa\u660e\u66f8\uff1b\u627f\u8a8d\u570b\u5916\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8b49\u7167\uff1b\u5be6\u65bd\u512a\u60e0\u88dc\u511f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u96e3\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5225\u7684\u798f\u5229\u652f\u63f4\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u5be6\u65bd\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u5c31\u696d\u4e4b\u80af\u8a8d\u884c\u52d5(affirmative action)\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u8ce6\u4e88\u5c45\u7559\u8005\u53ca\u9577\u671f\u5c45\u7559\u8005\u9078\u8209\u6b0a(\u5730\u65b9\u9078\u8209)\uff1b\u5236\u5b9a\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u7981\u6b62\u6cd5\uff1b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4eba\u6b0a\u5e73\u7b49\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u570b\u6c11\u53ca\u4fc3\u9032\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5be6\u65bd\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u516c\u71df\u64ad\u653e\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u8207\u516c\u5171\u6a5f\u95dc\u5167\u5be6\u65bd\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2(\u5305\u62ec\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u53ca\u4eba\u6b0a\u3001\u53cd\u6b67\u8996\u6559\u80b2\u7b49)\uff1b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u554f\u984c\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5ee3\u64ad\u6a5f\u69cb\uff1b\u5236\u5b9a\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5f8b(\u516c\u958b\u627f\u8a8d\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u4e8b)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<br>\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u7dad\u7e6b\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u5176\u50b3\u7d71\u81ea\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u904b\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8996\u5176\u6587\u5316\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u8ffd\u6c42\u8abf\u9069\u77ed\u671f\u73fe\u5be6\u58d3\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea6\u5206\u4eab\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u8005\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6c7a\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%b2%a7%e5%af%8c%e5%b7%ae%e8%b7%9d%e6%98%af%e7%95%b6%e5%89%8d%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e6%b0%91%e7%9c%be%e6%99%ae%e9%81%8d%e6%84%9f%e5%8f%97%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%ef%bc%8c%e8%a9%a6%e5%be%9e%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e9%9f%8b%e4%bc%af%e7%9a%84%e9%9a%8e%e5%b1%a4%e5%8c%96%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e4%be%86%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e9%80%a0%e6%88%90m%e5%9e%8b%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u4e09\u3001\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u662f\u7576\u524d\u81fa\u7063\u6c11\u773e\u666e\u904d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a66\u5f9e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4ee5\u53ca\u97cb\u4f2f\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9020\u6210M\u578b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u99ac\u514b\u601d(Karl Marx)<br>\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u56e0\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177(means of production)\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u7d1a\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u610f\u65e8\u73fe\u5728\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u56e0\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u800c\u5206\u5de5<br>\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u8207\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u5169\u6975\u5316\u885d\u7a81<br>\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u5236\u7834\u58de\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u4eba\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<br>\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u5c07\u6c38\u4e45\u7d42\u7d50\u5206\u5de5<br>\u97cb\u4f2f<br>\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u70ba\u722d\u596a\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u8072\u671b\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5206\u5316<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u8eab\u5206\u5718\u9ad4\u70ba\u7af6\u722d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u885d\u7a81<br>\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u9593\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u4f46\u53ef\u4e92\u76f8\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<br>\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5c07\u6c38\u4e45\u6301\u7e8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%812017%e5%b9%b410%e6%9c%88%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e5%a5%b3%e6%98%9f%e8%89%be%e8%8e%89%e8%8e%8e%c2%b7%e7%b1%b3%e8%98%ad%e8%ab%be%e6%96%bc%e7%a4%be%e7%be%a4%e5%aa%92%e9%ab%94%e6%8e%a8%e7%89%b9%e4%b8%8a%e5%85%ac%e9%96%8b%e8%ad%b4%e8%b2%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%a8%b7%e6%93%be%ef%bc%8c%e5%bc%95%e7%99%bc%e5%90%84%e5%9c%8b%e9%9f%bf%e6%87%89%e3%80%82%e8%a9%a6%e5%be%9e%e8%b3%87%e6%ba%90%e5%8b%95%e5%93%a1%e8%ab%96%e8%88%87%e6%96%b0%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90me-too%e6%88%90%e7%82%ba%e4%b8%80%e8%82%a1%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e5%8c%96%e9%a2%a8%e6%bd%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u56db\u30012017\u5e7410\u6708\u7f8e\u570b\u5973\u661f\u827e\u8389\u838e\u00b7\u7c73\u862d\u8afe\u65bc\u793e\u7fa4\u5a92\u9ad4\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\u516c\u958b\u8b74\u8cac\u6027\u9a37\u64fe\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u570b\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u8a66\u5f9e\u8cc7\u6e90\u52d5\u54e1\u8ad6\u8207\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u5206\u6790Me Too\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u80a1\u5168\u7403\u5316\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u8cc7\u6e90\u52d5\u54e1\u8ad6(Resource Mobilization Theory)<br>\u4ee3\u8868\uff1aJohn D. McCarthy\u3001Mayer N. Zald<br>\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u5f37\u70c8\u4e3b\u5f35\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u9700\u8981\u7531\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8207\u7fa4\u773e\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u7fa3\u773e\u884c\u70ba\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u793e\u904b\u82e5\u8981\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u904b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e26\u505a\u6709\u6548\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u7269\u529b\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3001\u5834\u5730\u3001\u653f\u9ee8\u652f\u6301\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7b49\u3002<br>\u7279\u8272\uff1a\u6b64\u8ad6\u5c07\u793e\u904b\u6838\u5fc3\u5e79\u90e8\u7a31\u70ba\u793e\u904b\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6(social movement entrepreneur)\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u83c1\u82f1\u9818\u5c0e\u5916\u570d\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u9054\u6210\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u8ad6(rational choice theory)\u3002<br>\u7d44\u7e54\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7fa4\u773e\u81ea\u767c\u3002<br>\u516c\u95dc\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u975e\u4e00\u5473\u6297\u722d\u3002<br>\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u60c5\u7dd2\u5ba3\u6d29\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u4e4b\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u9020\u52e2\u975e\u4e58\u52e2\u3002<br>\u4ee5\u6b64\u8ad6\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0cmetoo\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u548c\u597d\u840a\u5862\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u5de5\u696d\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u5834\u80fd\u898b\u5ea6\u3001\u77e5\u540d\u5f71\u661f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6709\u6975\u5176\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6b63\u7b26\u5408\u8cc7\u6e90\u52d5\u54e1\u8ad6\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u9818\u5c0e\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6d41\u7ac4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u8d77\u6b63\u53cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u6b64\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u9047\u898b\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<br>\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u8ad6(New Social Movements Theories)<br>\u6297\u62d2\u570b\u5bb6\u53ca\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u878d\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d<br>\u90fd\u5e02\u8349\u6839\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u5340\u81ea\u4e3b<br>\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u78bc\u4e0a\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u58d3\u6291\u53cd\u6297<br>\u7279\u8272\uff1a<br>\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u975e\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u662f\u8b70\u984c<br>\u7d44\u7e54\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a\u975e\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u6563<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u578b\u614b\uff1a\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u9593<br>\u6b64\u8ad6\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8996\u793e\u904b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6c11\u773e\u81ea\u767c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9817\u80fd\u5207\u4e2dmetoo\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5168\u7403\u5e74\u8f15\u3001\u9ad8\u6559\u80b2\u7db2\u6c11\u81ea\u767c\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u904b\u52d5\u5df2\u5f71\u97ff\u5404\u570b\u7acb\u6cd5\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u8207\u6b64\u8ad6\u4e00\u5411\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%ba%e8%aa%8d%e7%82%ba%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e5%b7%b2%e7%b6%93%e9%80%b2%e5%85%a5%e6%89%80%e8%ac%82%e3%80%8c%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%8c%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%85%b7%e6%9c%89%e9%82%a3%e4%ba%9b%e7%89%b9%e5%be%b5%ef%bc%9f%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e7%ac%a6%e5%90%88%e5%be%8c%e5%b7%a5%e6%a5%ad%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e7%9a%84%e7%89%b9%e5%be%b5%ef%bc%9f\"><\/span>\u4e94\u3001\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u5177\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\uff1f\u81fa\u7063\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff1f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703(Post-industrial Society)<br>\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u8005Daniel Bell\u5728\u300a\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4f86\u81e8\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u4ee5\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u70ba\u4e3b\u6d41\u7522\u696d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u8272\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a(\u8b1d\u9ad8\u6a4b)<br>\u670d\u52d9\u696d\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u7d42\u6703\u652f\u914d\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002<br>\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u5c07\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u767d\u9818\u53ca\u4e2d\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u64d4\u4efb\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u5c07\u9f13\u52f5\u667a\u529b\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<br>\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u52de\u529b\u5c07\u7531\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u8207\u96fb\u8166\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<br>\u5546\u696d\u652f\u914d\u5de5\u696d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5247\u652f\u914d\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u6703\u4ee3\u66ff\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5206\u6563\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<br>\u5728\u793e\u5340\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u53ca\u5404\u968e\u7d1a\u5728\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u914d\u3002<br>\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u65b0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55<br>\u65b0\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u50b3\u7d71\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u7684\u751f\u7522\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u624d\u662f\u7522\u54c1\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<br>\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u8207\u5de5\u8cc7\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65b0\u7d93\u6fdf\u50be\u5411\u63a1\u53d6\u80a1\u7968\u5206\u7d05\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u9ad8\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u300c\u7269\u8cea\u8cc4\u8cc2\u300d\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u52de\u8cc7\u96d9\u65b9\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u6975\u5f37\u7684\u751f\u7522\u5718\u968a\u3002<br>\u65b0\u7d93\u6fdf\u7522\u751f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u672c\u8207\u6587\u5316\u805a\u843d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u5e38\u662f\u85c9\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u5730\u7406\u805a\u843d\u3002<br>\u5728\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65b0\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u4f5c\u70ba\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u52a0\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5718\u968a\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u50be\u5168\u529b\u78ba\u7acb\u300c\u53ea\u6b64\u4e00\u5bb6\uff0c\u5225\u7121\u5206\u865f\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u6975\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e9%9a%a8%e8%91%97%e6%96%b0%e7%9a%84%e7%b6%b2%e8%b7%af%e7%a7%91%e6%8a%80%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%ef%bc%8c%e4%bd%a0%e8%aa%8d%e7%82%ba%e7%a7%91%e6%8a%80%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e9%99%8d%e4%bd%8e%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e3%80%81%e6%80%a7%e5%88%a5%e3%80%81%e6%97%8f%e7%be%a4%e3%80%81%e9%9a%8e%e7%b4%9a%e4%b9%8b%e9%96%93%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8d%e5%b9%b3%e7%ad%89%ef%bc%9f%e8%ab%8b%e8%88%89%e4%be%8b%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e4%b9%8b%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u516d\u3001\u96a8\u8457\u65b0\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f\u8acb\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u4e4b\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u7db2\u8def\u793e\u6703\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<br>20\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u901a\u4fe1\u79d1\u6280\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u7531\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8f49\u578b\u81f3\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u66f4\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u57fa\u790e\u3002<br>\u8eab\u5206\u5be6\u9a57\uff1a\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u8eab\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e16\u4fd7\u8eab\u5206\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7f88\u7d46\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u6642\u7a7a\u9650\u5236\u800c\u53c8\u81ea\u7531\u7121\u62d8\u675f\u5730\u9032\u884c\u60c5\u617e\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u63a5\u89f8\u7121\u7aae\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4f5c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<br>\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340(virtual community)\uff1a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u5177\u6709\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u9003\u907f\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u9023\u5fd8\u8fd4\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u6392\u64e0\u771f\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9805\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u3002\u7db2\u53cb\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7d93\u71df\u9577\u671f\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6bd4\u8d77\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u8981\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a8\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u62c9\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u8b93\u7db2\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u76f8\u805a\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u7684\u300c\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u7db2\u53cb\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<br>\u7db2\u8def\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u700f\u89bd\uff0c\u800c\u9032\u5165\u5230\u7aef\u5c0d\u7aef(peer-to-peer, P2P)\u771f\u6b63\u76f4\u63a5\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u6e9d\u901a\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u4e92\u52d5\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u96d9\u5411\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u3002\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001MSN\u3001Skype\u3001\u7db2\u8a8c\u7b49\u7b49\u7aef\u5c0d\u7aef\u6e9d\u901a\u8edf\u9ad4\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u7db2\u53cb\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Stanley Milgram\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u8981\u900f\u904e\u516d\u500b\u806f\u7d61\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u6240\u60f3\u627e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8ad6(six degrees of separation)\u3002<br>\u6578\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee(digital divide)\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8fd1\u7528(information access)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u539f\u6709\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u76ca\u5f62\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u5c0d\u7acb\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u64c1\u6709\u96fb\u8166\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u8207\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6578\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u4eba\u5011\u5340\u9694\u70ba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u64c1\u6709\u8005(have)\u8207\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6b20\u7f3a\u8005(have-not)\u5169\u5927\u9663\u71df\uff0c\u9023\u7dda\u8207\u5426\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u8655\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u3001\u6240\u5f97\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5730\u7de3\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u7b49\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6578\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002P. Norris\u5c07\u6578\u4f4d\u843d\u5dee\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u7d1a\uff1a\u300c\u5168\u7403\u843d\u5dee\u300d\u5f37\u8abf\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5f8c\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u300c\u793e\u6703\u843d\u5dee\u300d\u8457\u91cd\u570b\u5167\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8fd1\u7528\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u3001\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u843d\u5dee\u300d\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u5011\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u4f86\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e6%a0%b9%e6%93%9a%e5%85%a7%e6%94%bf%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%88%e9%a1%af%e7%a4%ba%e5%87%ba%e4%be%86%e6%88%aa%e8%87%b32016%e5%b9%b4%e7%82%ba%e6%ad%a2%ef%bc%8c%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e4%b8%80%e5%9c%b0%e7%94%b7%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%88%9d%e5%a9%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e5%b9%b3%e5%9d%87%e6%95%b8%e7%82%ba324%e6%ad%b2%ef%bc%8c%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e7%82%ba30%e6%ad%b2%ef%bc%8c%e5%85%a9%e8%80%85%e5%9d%87%e5%87%ba%e7%8f%be%e9%81%9e%e5%bb%b6%e6%99%9a%e5%a9%9a%e7%9a%84%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%8d%e6%ad%a4%ef%bc%8c%e8%ab%8b%e9%80%b2%e4%b8%80%e6%ad%a5%e8%ab%96%e8%bf%b0%e8%a9%b2%e9%a0%85%e9%81%b2%e5%a9%9a%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e6%9c%ac%e8%ba%ab%e6%89%80%e9%9a%b1%e5%90%ab%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8%e6%84%8f%e6%b6%b5%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u4e03\u3001\u6839\u64da\u5167\u653f\u7d71\u8a08\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u622a\u81f32016\u5e74\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u4e00\u5730\u7537\u6027\u7684\u521d\u5a5a\u5e74\u9f61\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u70ba32.4\u6b72\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u70ba30\u6b72\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5747\u51fa\u73fe\u905e\u5ef6\u665a\u5a5a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u8acb\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8a72\u9805\u9072\u5a5a\u73fe\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u610f\u6db5\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011:<br>\u5c11\u5b50\u5973\u5316\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<br>\u7d04\u81ea1998\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u56e0\u4eba\u53e3\u9ad8\u9f61\u5316\u4e4b\u6545\u7a0d\u6709\u56de\u5347(6\u2030)\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u6301\u7e8c\u63a2\u5e95\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u8f49\u578b\u300d\u4e4b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<br>\u4eba\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3\u6c34\u6e96(replacement level)\uff1a\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u51fa\u751f\u66ff\u4ee3\u7387(fertility replacement rate)\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u53ef\u5728\u9577\u671f\u7684\u4ee3\u9593\u50b3\u905e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u6046\u5b9a\u7684\u7e3d\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4efb\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\u80fd\u9577\u671f\u7dad\u63012.1\u7684\u7e3d\u751f\u80b2\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u4fdd\u6301\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<br>\u6975\u4f4e\u751f\u80b2\u7387(very low fertility)\uff1a\u7e3d\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u4f4e\u65bc1.5\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u751f\u80b2\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u8377\u7684\u570b\u969b\u9077\u79fb\u624d\u80fd\u62b5\u6d88\u4f4e\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u516b\uf099\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u7d1b\u7d1b\u964d\u81f3\u6b64\u4e00\u6c34\u6e96\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u5728\u516b\uf099\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7d041.7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7dad\u6301\u5341\u9918\u5e74\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u57281998\u5e74\u964d\u81f3\u6b64\u4e00\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u96642000\u5e74\u4e4b\u9f8d\u5e74\u7a0d\u6709\u56de\u5347\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e0b\u6108\u6cc1\u3002<br>\u8d85\u4f4e\u751f\u80b2\u7387(lowest-low fertility)\uff1a\u7e3d\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u4f4e\u65bc1.3\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u751f\u80b2\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u5c07\u6e1b\u5c111.5%\uff0c45\u5e74\u5f8c\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4e5d\uf099\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b49\u5357\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u964d\u81f3\u6b64\u4e00\u6c34\u6e96\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u57282003\u5e74\u5f8c\u5373\u964d\u81f3\u6b64\u4e00\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u81f32005\u53ca2006\u5e74\u50c5\u90541.11\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u8f03\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u767c\u5c55\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u3002<br>\u5c11\u5b50\u5973\u5316\u4e4b\u539f\u56e0<br>\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u532f\u7387\u3001\u58d3\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f01\u696d\u6295\u5165\u570b\u5916\u5e02\u5834\u3002<br>\u5de5\u8cc7\u505c\u6eef\uff1a\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u524d\u666f\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5275\u610f\u6a5f\u6703\u840e\u7e2e\u3001\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u85aa\u8cc7\u5831\u916c\u7684\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002<br>\u798f\u5229\u4f4e\u843d\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6258\u80b2\u7522\u696d\u53c8\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u9748\uff1b\u96c7\u4e3b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9858\u8ca0\u64d4\u54e1\u5de5\u7d50\u5a5a\u8207\u751f\u80b2\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<br>\u81f3\u65bc1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u6025\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5b78\u6b77\u81a8\u8139(credential inflation)\u4e4b\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u7684\u990a\u80b2\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8b93\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529f\u80fd\u8f49\u79fb\u70ba\u6d88\u8cbb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5c11\u5b50\u5973\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br>\u5c11\u5b50\u5973\u5316\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u9762<br>\u6258\u80b2\u7522\u696d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5012\u9589<br>\u5b55\u5a66\u7528\u54c1\u8207\u7ae5\u88dd\u7522\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u840e\u7e2e<br>\u570b\u4e2d\u570b\u5c0f\u7684\u7c21\u4f75\u8207\u6d41\u6d6a\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u64f4\u5f35<br>\u5927\u5c08\u9662\u6821\u7684\u88c1\u54e1\u6e1b\u85aa<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u9762<br>\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u5d29\u58de<br>\u52de\u4fdd\u8207\u5065\u4fdd\u7121\u4eba\u8ca0\u64d4<br>\u793e\u6703\u9762<br>\u4e16\u4ee3\u885d\u7a81\u56b4\u91cd<br>\u5bb6\u7167\u58d3\u529b\u907d\u589e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e8%bf%91%e5%b9%b4%e4%be%86%e9%87%9d%e5%b0%8d%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%84%e5%90%84%e7%a8%ae%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e6%89%8b%e6%ae%b5%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%80%e6%9c%89%e6%89%80%e8%ac%82%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8drestorative-justice%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%8d%e6%ad%a4%ef%bc%8c%e8%ab%8b%e8%aa%aa%e6%98%8e%e3%80%8c%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8d%e7%9a%84%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e9%81%8b%e4%bd%9c%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u516b\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u91dd\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u300d(restorative justice)\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u8acb\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u6db5\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9(restorative justice)\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8b93\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u6216\u504f\u5dee\u8005\u77ad\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u70ba\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\u8207\u6096\u96e2\u898f\u7bc4\u4e4b\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u4e0d\u6a19\u7c64\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b93\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u6b78\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u6709\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8abf\u89e3\u6703\u8b70\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u6cd5\u6709\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5c07\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u793e\u5340\u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u60c5\u6cc1\u8207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f4c\u88dc\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5c07\u66fe\u7d93\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u88ab\u5bb3\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u8207\u52a0\u5bb3\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u90fd\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u72af\u884c\u8207\u5f4c\u88dc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u7de9\u8d77\u8a34\u300d\u8655\u5206\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u4f9d\u7167\u72af\u884c\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u8207\u72af\u5f8c\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u793e\u5340\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u7f70\u91d1\u3001\u64d4\u4efb\u7fa9\u5de5\u3001\u5411\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u6703\u9053\u6b49\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u66ff\u4ee3\u8d77\u8a34\u8655\u5206\u3002<br>\u6b64\u7a2e\u4f5c\u6cd5\u96d6\u6709\u5176\u7a4d\u6975\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u76e3\u7981\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u525d\u596a\u670d\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u6709\u672a\u76e1\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u672a\u4f86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4fee\u5584\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u5ea6\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u7591\u616e\uff1a\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u8207\u5bb6\u5c6c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u6709\u904e\u7684\u72af\u884c\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u6709\u4e8c\u5ea6\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u7591\u616e\u3002\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8207\u5bb6\u5c6c\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u3002<br>\u77ef\u6b63\u6559\u5316\u7684\u7591\u616e\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u5145\u5206\u6559\u5316\u4e4b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u5c0d\u65bc\u9810\u9632\u518d\u72af\u4e0a\u4e26\u7121\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6642\u6642\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4ef0\u8cf4\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<br>\u4e5d\u3001\u8acb\u5c31\u50f9\u503c(value)\u3001\u898f\u7bc4(norm)\u3001\u7b26\u865f(symbol)\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00(language)\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6263\u7dca\u7576\u524d20\u6b72\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6b64\u4e00\u65b0\u751f\u4e16\u4ee3\u65cf\u7fa4\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\u3002<br>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011<br>\u50f9\u503c(Value)\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5584\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5(ideas of the desirable)\u3002<br>\u898f\u7bc4(Norm)\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<br>\u7b26\u865f(Sign)\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u6240\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u5f62\u8c61(sound image)\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1a\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ef\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c07\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u907a\u7522\u50b3\u6388\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u900f\u904e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b78\u7fd2\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8eab\u6b77\u5176\u5883\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u904e\u53bb\u53ca\u60f3\u50cf\u672a\u4f86\u3002<br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<br>\u80fd\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<br>\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u98a8\u4fd7\u548c\u8868\u9054\u611f\u60c5\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<br>\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u589e\u5f37\u793e\u6703\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002<br>\u81f3\u65bc\u7576\u524d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703(information society)\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e38\u7a31\u70bae\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u7db2\u969b\u7a7a\u9593(cyberspace)\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u5e38\u614b\u300220\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u901a\u4fe1\u79d1\u6280\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u7531\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u8f49\u578b\u81f3\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u66f4\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u8cc7\u8a0a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u793e\u6703\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u57fa\u790e\u3002<br>\u8eab\u5206\u5be6\u9a57\uff1a\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u8eab\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e16\u4fd7\u8eab\u5206\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7f88\u7d46\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u6642\u7a7a\u9650\u5236\u800c\u53c8\u81ea\u7531\u7121\u62d8\u675f\u5730\u9032\u884c\u60c5\u617e\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u63a5\u89f8\u7121\u7aae\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4f5c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<br>\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340(virtual community)\uff1a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u5177\u6709\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3001\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u9003\u907f\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u9023\u5fd8\u8fd4\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u6392\u64e0\u771f\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9805\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u3002\u7db2\u53cb\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7d93\u71df\u9577\u671f\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6bd4\u8d77\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u8981\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a8\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u62c9\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u8b93\u7db2\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u76f8\u805a\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u5340\u7684\u300c\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u7db2\u53cb\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<br>\u7db2\u8def\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u700f\u89bd\uff0c\u800c\u9032\u5165\u5230\u7aef\u5c0d\u7aef(peer-to-peer, P2P)\u771f\u6b63\u76f4\u63a5\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u6a5f\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u6e9d\u901a\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u4e92\u52d5\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u96d9\u5411\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u3002\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001MSN\u3001Skype\u3001\u7db2\u8a8c\u7b49\u7b49\u7aef\u5c0d\u7aef\u6e9d\u901a\u8edf\u9ad4\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u7db2\u53cb\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Stanley Milgram\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u8981\u900f\u904e\u516d\u500b\u806f\u7d61\u4eba\uff0c\u5fc5\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u6240\u60f3\u627e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u7406\u8ad6(six degrees of separation)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%ab%8b%e5%be%9e%e4%ba%ba%e6%89%8d%e3%80%81%e9%8c%a2%e8%b2%a1%e8%88%87%e9%a1%8c%e6%9d%90%e7%ad%89%e8%80%83%e5%af%9f%e4%bb%8b%e9%9d%a2%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6%e9%9d%9e%e7%87%9f%e5%88%a9%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94not-profit-organization%e9%80%b2%e8%a1%8c%e5%bb%ba%e7%bd%ae%e8%ae%8a%e9%9d%a9%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b8%e9%97%9c%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e3%80%82\"><\/span>\u5341\u3001\u8acb\u5f9e\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u9322\u8ca1\u8207\u984c\u6750\u7b49\u8003\u5bdf\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54(not-profit organization)\u9032\u884c\u5efa\u7f6e\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u601d\u8003\u3002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u64ec\u7b54\u3011:<br>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c31\u300c\u4eba\u624d\u300d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u601d\u7d22\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u904b\u4f5c\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u4e00\u7dda\u57fa\u5c64\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u4e8c\u7dda\u7763\u5c0e\u6291\u6216\u662f\u6c7a\u7b56\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e79\u90e8\uff0c\u76f4\u6307\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u773e\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d77\u7d0d\u767e\u5ddd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u7d9c\u878d\u8de8\u57df\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b78\u5206\u73ed\u7684\u5b78\u58eb\u5f8c\u793e\u5de5\u5230\u9ad4\u5236\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u79d1\u73ed\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5f9e\u8cc7\u683c\u78ba\u8a8d\u5230\u8b49\u7167\u52a0\u7d66\u3001\u5f9e\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u5230\u5c08\u79d1\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u3001\u5f9e\u5167\u5347\u5230\u7a7a\u964d\u7684\u793e\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u4ee5\u8fc4\u65bc\u6538\u95dc\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u8003\u8a66\u7684\u61c9\u8003\u79d1\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u7cbe\u7c21\u6e1b\u5c11\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u8b8a\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u771f\u7fa9\u7406\u61c9\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u80b2\u624d\u3001\u57f9\u624d\u3001\u6649\u624d\u3001\u6d41\u624d\u8207\u652c\u624d\u4e4b\u65bc\u4e00\u5b57\u4e4b\u5dee\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u5f14\u8a6d\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e96\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u793e\u5de5\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u9084\u539f\u56de\u5230\u793e\u5de5\u73fe\u5834\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5fc3\u8aee\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u707d\u8b8a\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5bb6\u8655\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u91ab\u52d9\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u8eab\u969c\u793e\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u7167\u9867\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u793e\u5de5\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u5176\u5f9e\u5c08\u696d\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u53ef\u5230\u5e02\u5834\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u63d0\u554f\u3002\u51c6\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u91dd\u782d\u7406\u7576\u662f\u8981\u56b4\u8085\u770b\u5f85\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u65bc\u6295\u5165\u4eba\u7fa4\u670d\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u5206\u985e\u5206\u7d1a\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u662f\u5f9e\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u793e\u5de5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u9015\u81ea\u756b\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u79d1\u73ed\u8207\u5b78\u5206\u73ed\u3001\u793e\u5de5\u54e1\u8207\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u3001\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u8207\u516c\u8077\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u3001\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u8207\u5c08\u79d1\u793e\u5de5\u5e2b\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u5316\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u96b1\u542b\u5b78\u8853\u9738\u6b0a\u3001\u672c\u696d\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u56e0\u70ba\u7559\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4eba\u624d\u6216\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u8b93\u793e\u798f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7aae\u5fd9\u5954\u547d\u65bc\u4eba\u529b\u7684\u627e\u5c0b\u548c\u66ff\u88dc\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u7121\u52a9\u76ca\u65bc\u4eba\u624d\u990a\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u5e03\u5efa\u3002<br>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u300c\u9322\u8ca1\u300d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u601d\u7d22\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u63d0\u554f\u6703\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u5408\u7406\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u5229\u57fa\u548c\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5229\u5f97\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u9664\u537b\u82e5\u5e72\u5927\u578b\u7684\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u793e\u798f\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u9650\u7e2e\u65bc\u8af8\u5982\u7d93\u8cbb\u6982\u7b97\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u5e74\u9650\u3001\u9810\u7b97\u64a5\u7d66\u3001\u6838\u92b7\u6a19\u6e96\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u8b93\u52de\u9000\u3001\u52a0\u73ed\u3001\u8cc7\u9063\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7528\u4ee5\u58d3\u5012\u99f1\u99dd\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u793e\u798f\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u884c\u865f\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u8996\u540c\u4ec1\u7684\u8077\u5834\u6b0a\u76ca\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u798f\u5229\u8207\u71df\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u7dda\u4e4b\u9694\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u9ad4\u8cea\u8207\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u53c8\u96b1\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u7684\u5ed3\u6e05\u548c\u5340\u9694\uff1f\u9023\u5e36\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6295\u8cc7\u3001\u8a8d\u990a\u793e\u5de5\u6291\u6216\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u80b2\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u91d1\u6d41\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u5176\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u4ee5\u751f\u990a\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6301\u7e8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of social work 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