{"id":2356,"date":"2021-06-16T16:51:07","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T08:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356"},"modified":"2021-08-05T11:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T03:22:54","slug":"%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%ae%98%e7%9b%a3%e6%89%80%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%93%a1%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%ad%b8-108%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9d%e5%88%ba-%e9%80%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356","title":{"rendered":"\u76e3\u7344\u5b78-\u9069\u7528\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u76e3\u7344\u5b98-\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a877199ec2a5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  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href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e4%b9%8b%e4%ba%ba%e6%ac%8a%e4%bf%9d%e9%9a%9c%ef%bc%8d%e9%87%8b%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%ac756%e8%99%9f%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8b\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u4e8c\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0d\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c756\u865f\u89e3\u91cb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e6%87%89%e8%a8%ad%e7%8d%a8%e7%ab%8b%e4%b9%8b%e5%a4%96%e9%83%a8%e8%a6%96%e5%af%9f%e5%b0%8f%e7%b5%84\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u4e09\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u61c9\u8a2d\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u5916\u90e8\u8996\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7d44<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e4%bf%9d%e9%9a%9c%e7%94%b3%e8%a8%b4%e5%8f%8a%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e6%95%91%e6%bf%9f%e6%ac%8a%ef%bc%8d%e9%87%8b%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%ac755%e8%99%9f%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8b\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u56db\uff1a\u4fdd\u969c\u7533\u8a34\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6fdf\u6b0a\uff0d\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c755\u865f\u89e3\u91cb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%9a%e6%a9%9f%e6%a7%8b%e6%80%a7%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%8b%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u4e94\uff1a\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5167\u6db5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e8%aa%bf%e6%9f%a5%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%81%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%8a%e6%95%88%e7%9b%8a\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u516d\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u6548\u76ca<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b8%83%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e5%a4%96%e5%87%ba%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e4%b9%8b%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b%e5%8f%8a%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%9a%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u4e03\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u985e\u578b\u53ca\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e6%ac%a1%e7%b4%9a%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u516b\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b9%9d%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e6%af%92%e5%93%81%e6%88%92%e6%b2%bb%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u4e5d\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u6bd2\u54c1\u6212\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f(\u7406\u8ad6)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%ef%bc%9a%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%85o%ef%bc%87leary-duffee%e7%9a%84%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%ad%a3%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\uff1a\u5b78\u8005O\uff07leary &amp; Duffee\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u653f\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e4%bd%9c%e6%a5%ad%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e3%80%81%e5%84%aa%e8%89%af%e4%bd%9c%e6%a5%ad%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e8%a1%a1%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e00\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u512a\u826f\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6a19\u6e96&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e7%b4%af%e9%80%b2%e8%99%95%e9%81%87%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e8c\uff1a\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e5%92%8c%e7%b7%a9%e8%99%95%e9%81%87%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6%e3%80%81%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e09\uff1a\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e7%b8%ae%e7%9f%ad%e5%88%91%e6%9c%9f%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e7%a8%ae%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e8%a6%81%e4%bb%b6\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u56db\uff1a\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u8981\u4ef6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%9a%e6%92%a4%e9%8a%b7%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e3%80%81%e6%92%a4%e5%9b%9e%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e3%80%81%e9%a7%81%e5%9b%9e%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e4%b8%89%e8%80%85%e4%b9%8b%e5%b7%ae%e7%95%b0\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e94\uff1a\u64a4\u92b7\u5047\u91cb\u3001\u64a4\u56de\u5047\u91cb\u3001\u99c1\u56de\u5047\u91cb\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e6%9a%b4%e8%a1%8c%e4%b9%8b%e6%88%90%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%81%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e5%b0%8d%e7%ad%96\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u516d\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u66b4\u884c\u4e4b\u6210\u56e0\u3001\u9810\u9632\u5c0d\u7b56&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%83%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%9b%e7%be%85%e9%87%8c%e9%81%94%e5%b7%9e%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e6%af%92%e5%93%81%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e3%80%8d\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e03\uff1a\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u7684\u300c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u300d&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%b2%bb%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e5%8b%95%e5%90%91\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u516b\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6cbb\u56db\u5927\u52d5\u5411&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b9%9d%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%88%86%e5%8d%80%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8dunit-management\" >\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e5d\uff1a\u300c\u5206\u5340\u7ba1\u7406\u300d(unit management)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2356\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u56db\u7b49\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u3011(108\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u4e00\u79d1\u70ba\u4e09\u7b49\u76e3\u7344\u5b98\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5411\u4f86\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u793e\u6703\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u884c\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u5e7e\u500b\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76e3\u7344\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u884c\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5e36\u8003\u751f\u5f9e\u806f\u5408\u570b\u516c\u7d04\u3001\u7576\u4ee3\u4eba\u6b0a\u8b70\u984c\u3001\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u89e3\u91cb\u6587\u3001\u8fd1\u5e74\u8003\u984c\u53ca\u6cd5\u52d9\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u6539\u9769\u8207\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u770b\u4e09\u7b49\u76e3\u7344\u5b98\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u547d\u984c\u7126\u9ede\u8207\u8da8\u52e2\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%b4%8d%e7%88%be%e9%81%9c%e2%80%a2%e6%9b%bc%e5%be%b7%e6%8b%89%e8%a6%8f%e5%89%87\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e00\uff1a\u7d0d\u723e\u905c\u2022\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u898f\u5247<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e74\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5927\u6703\u5728\u7b2cA\/RES\/70\/175\u865f\u6c7a\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u64f4\u5c55\u300c\u7d0d\u723e\u905c\u2022\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u570b\u969b\u65e5\u300d\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u5ba3\u5c0e\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u76e3\u7981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5c0d\u5728\u76e3\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u5c07\u76e3\u7344\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8996\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6c7a\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u300a\u5728\u76e3\u4eba\u8655\u9047\u6700\u4f4e\u6a19\u6e96\u898f\u5247\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6279\u51c6\u5c07\u5176\u7a31\u70ba\u300a\u7d0d\u723e\u905c\u2022\u66fc\u5fb7\u62c9\u898f\u5247\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d00\u5ff5\u9019\u4f4d\u5728\u7344\u4e2d\u70ba\u5728\u76e3\u4eba\u5f85\u9047\u6297\u722d\u4e8627\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u5df2\u6545\u5357\u975e\u7e3d\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e4%b9%8b%e4%ba%ba%e6%ac%8a%e4%bf%9d%e9%9a%9c%ef%bc%8d%e9%87%8b%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%ac756%e8%99%9f%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8b\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e8c\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0d\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c756\u865f\u89e3\u91cb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u570b\u53f8\u6cd5\u9662\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c756\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u4f5c\u6210\uff0c\u4ea6\u4fc2\u5c0d\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fdd\u969c\u70ba\u5177\u9ad4\u660e\u78ba\u4e4b\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4f9d\u8a72\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u7406\u7531\u66f8\u6240\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5168\u6578\u88ab\u525d\u596a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5165\u76e3\u670d\u5211\u4e4b\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u5e36\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u5229\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u4eab\u6709\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u4eab\u6709\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ecd\u53d7\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u986f\u898b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u9664\u4e86\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u7981\u932e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u683c\u5c0a\u56b4\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u53ca\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5747\u61c9\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u300c\u7dad\u8b77\u76e3\u7344\u79e9\u5e8f\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u7b49\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u65bc\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f97\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u7121\u6545\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6216\u525d\u596a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e6%87%89%e8%a8%ad%e7%8d%a8%e7%ab%8b%e4%b9%8b%e5%a4%96%e9%83%a8%e8%a6%96%e5%af%9f%e5%b0%8f%e7%b5%84\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e09\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u61c9\u8a2d\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u5916\u90e8\u8996\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7d44<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u843d\u5be6\u900f\u660e\u5316\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5916\u754c\u5c0d\u65bc\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u95dc\u696d\u52d9\u4e4b\u8a8d\u8b58\u8207\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u76e3\u7344\u904b\u4f5c\u54c1\u8cea\u53ca\u53ef\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u589e\u8a02\u76e3\u7344\u61c9\u8a2d\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u5916\u90e8\u8996\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7d44\uff0c\u8996\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7d44\u61c9\u5c31\u76e3\u7344\u904b\u4f5c\u53ca\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6b0a\u76ca\u4e8b\u9805\u5b9a\u671f\u63d0\u51fa\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u4ee5\u9069\u7576\u65b9\u5f0f\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u7531\u76f8\u95dc\u6b0a\u8cac\u6a5f\u95dc\u56de\u61c9\u8655\u7406\u4e4b\u3002(\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u8349\u6848\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e03\u689d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e4%bf%9d%e9%9a%9c%e7%94%b3%e8%a8%b4%e5%8f%8a%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e6%95%91%e6%bf%9f%e6%ac%8a%ef%bc%8d%e9%87%8b%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%ac755%e8%99%9f%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8b\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u56db\uff1a\u4fdd\u969c\u7533\u8a34\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6fdf\u6b0a\uff0d\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c755\u865f\u89e3\u91cb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u8349\u6848\u589e\u8a02\u300c\u9673\u60c5\u3001\u7533\u8a34\u53ca\u8d77\u8a34\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7533\u8a34\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u6551\u6fdf\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u9662\u91cb\u5b57\u7b2c755\u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u610f\u65e8\u3002(\u4fee\u6b63\u689d\u6587\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5341\u689d\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u5341\u56db\u689d)\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%9a%e6%a9%9f%e6%a7%8b%e6%80%a7%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%8b%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e94\uff1a\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5167\u6db5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u5167\u6db5<br>\u6307\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5c07\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba(\u5305\u62ec\u5211\u4e8b\u5df2\u6c7a\u6216\u672a\u6c7a)\u76e3\u7981\u65bc\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u65bd\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u6536\u5bb9\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u6240\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u516c\u71df\u9020\u7269\u5167\u3002\u6b64\u985e\u6a5f\u69cb\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u570b\u77ef\u6b63\u7f72\u6240\u8f44\u7684\u76e3\u3001\u9662\u3001\u6240\u3001\u6821\u7b49\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u7686\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u53d7\u5bb9\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u70ba\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65bc\u9054\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd&nbsp;<br>\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u61c9\u5831\u3001\u5687\u963b\u3001\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u7b49\u56db\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5206\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u61c9\u5831(Retribution)<br>\u6307\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u61c9\u70ba\u5176\u72af\u884c\u4ed8\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u300c\u6bba\u4eba\u511f\u547d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4ee5\u7259\u9084\u7259\u3001\u4ee5\u773c\u9084\u773c\u300d\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u61c9\u5831\u601d\u60f3\u96d6\u7136\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6df1\u690d\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u61c9\u5831\u5211\u5b78\u8005\u63d0\u5021\u61c9\u5831\u5211\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u5be6\u73fe\u793e\u6703\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d(Just Deserts)\u3002<br>\u5687\u963b(Deterrence)<br>\u8c9d\u52a0\u5229\u4e9e\u78ba\u4fe1\u5211\u7f70\u662f\u70ba\u9054\u5230\u5584\u884c\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u60e1\uff0c\u5211\u7f70\u7528\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5687\u963b\u53c8\u5206\u300c\u7279\u5225\u5687\u963b\u300d\u8207\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u5687\u963b\u300d\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u7279\u5225\u5687\u963b\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u900f\u904e\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u72af\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5687\u963b\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u4ee5\u5211\u7f70\u5687\u963b\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e0d\u6562\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u9694\u96e2(Incapacitation)<br>\u6e90\u65bc\u300c\u773c\u4e0d\u898b\u70ba\u6de8\u300d\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6d41\u653e\u3001\u76e3\u7981\u8207\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u9694\u96e2\u76e3\u7981\u6e90\u9060\u6d41\u9577\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u79d1\u6280\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u7570\uff0c\u9694\u96e2\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u50c5\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u76e3\u7981\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u9694\u96e2(\u76e3\u7981)\u8207\u64ec\u5236\u9694\u96e2(\u900f\u904e\u79d1\u6280\u9694\u96e2)(Reichel,1997)\u3002<br>\u77ef\u6cbb(Rehabilitation)<br>\u77ef\u6cbb\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u300c\u56de\u5fa9\u3001\u4fee\u5fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6216\u6709\u7528\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6307\u900f\u904e\u6cbb\u7642\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u56de\u5fa9\u3002\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\uff1a\u300c\u5f92\u5211\u3001\u62d8\u5f79\u4e4b\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u9069\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u5373\u662f\u77ef\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u6700\u4f73\u4e4b\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e8%aa%bf%e6%9f%a5%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%81%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%8a%e6%95%88%e7%9b%8a\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u516d\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u6548\u76ca<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9&nbsp;<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u5c07\u65b0\u6536\u670d\u5211\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u9451\u5225\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u6212\u8b77\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u500b\u5225\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u5211\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff1a<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4fc2\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f7f\u500b\u6848\u4e4b\u9451\u5225\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u914d\u5408\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4e26\u975e\u5206\u9580\u5225\u985e\u6216\u5206\u5225\u76e3\u7981\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a13\u7df4\u548c\u8655\u9047\u3002\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u662f\u4f7f\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u5283\u96a8\u6642\u914d\u5408\u500b\u6848\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4fc2\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u77ad\u89e3\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u500b\u5225\u9700\u8981\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u5be6\u65bd\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u5211\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u91cd\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u500b\u6848\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ad\u89e3\u500b\u6848\u4e4b\u500b\u5225\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6027\u8cea\u5c6c\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u653f\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5<br>\u4f9d\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7b2c6\u689d\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5165\u76e3\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7d44\u61c9\u5373\u6307\u5b9a\u4eba\u54e1\u5c31\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u500b\u6027\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u72c0\u6cc1\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5165\u76e3\u524d\u8077\u696d\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5a1b\u6a02\u5fd7\u8da3\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7d93\u904e\u53ca\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u9032\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u65bc\u63a5\u6536\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5f8c15\u65e5\u5167\u63d0\u51fa\u8a73\u7d30\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u544a\u3002\u4f9d\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7b2c7\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\uff0c\u8abf\u67e5\u4e8b\u9805\u4f9d\u4e0b\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fa6\u7406\uff1a<br>\u76f4\u63a5\u8abf\u67e5\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u8077\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7d93\u904e\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5be6\u65bd\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u7d00\u9304\u65bc\u8abf\u67e5\u8868\u3002<br>\u9593\u63a5\u8abf\u67e5\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u72c0\u6cc1\u3001\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5a1b\u6a02\u3001\u5fd7\u8da3\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\uff0c\u61c9\u5411\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u6240\u6240\u5728\u5730\u8b66\u5bdf\u6a5f\u95dc\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u95dc\u6a5f\u95dc\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u4f9b\u53c3\u8003\u3002<br>\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u500b\u6027\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5fc3\u8eab\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u61c9\u65bd\u4ee5\u667a\u529b\u3001\u6027\u5411\u3001\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7b49\u9805\u6e2c\u9a57\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u6548\u76ca&nbsp;<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684<br>\u5be6\u65bd\u65b0\u6536\u8b1b\u7fd2\uff1a\u85c9\u6b64\u671f\u9593\u5be6\u65bd\u65b0\u6536\u8b1b\u7fd2\uff0c\u4f7f\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u898f\u5247\u53ca\u8655\u9047\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u756b\u3002&nbsp;<br>\u9032\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u6aa2\u67e5\uff1a\u65bc\u672a\u78ba\u5b9a\u65b0\u6536\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u4e26\u7121\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u4e4b\u524d\u65bd\u4ee5\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<br>\u64ec\u5b9a\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u5283\uff1a\u4f7f\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u80fd\u85c9\u6664\u8ac7\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u9451\u5b9a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u64ec\u5b9a\u5177\u9ad4\u4e4b\u500b\u5225\u8655\u9047\u8a08\u756b\u3002<br>\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8003\u6838\uff1a\u591a\u6578\u65b0\u6536\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u5c0d\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u61f7\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u4e4b\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u7de9\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca0\u9762\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<br>\u9632\u6b62\u60e1\u6027\u611f\u67d3\uff1a\u6839\u64da\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u7d93\u6b77\u8207\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5211\u671f\u9577\u3001\u60e1\u6027\u91cd\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6050\u6703\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u60e1\u6027\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u61c9\u5c07\u5176\u9694\u96e2\u76e3\u7981\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u5176\u8655\u9047\u500b\u5225\u5316\u3002\u3002<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u7684\u5169\u5927\u6548\u76ca<br>\u884c\u653f\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8655\u7406\u8207\u638c\u63e1\u4eba\u72af\u4e4b\u884c\u653f\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<br>\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u904b\u7528\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u4e4b\u6709\u9650\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5207\u5be6\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u5354\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b8%83%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e5%a4%96%e5%87%ba%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e4%b9%8b%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b%e5%8f%8a%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%9a%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e03\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u985e\u578b\u53ca\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u985e\u578b<br>\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u57f7\u5211\u672a\u671f\u6eff\u524d\uff0c\u5408\u65bc\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5916\u51fa\u4e4b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7a2e\uff1a\u5c31\u5b78\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u91cb\u653e\u524d\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u66ab\u884c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u5c31\u5b78\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6(Study Release Program)<br>\u5c31\u5b78\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4fc2\u6307\u5141\u8a31\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u767d\u5929\u96e2\u958b\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u5916\u51fa\u6c42\u5b78\uff0c\u591c\u9593\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\u9593\u56de\u5230\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u6216\u5728\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u63a5\u53d7\u77ef\u6b63\u4e4b\u8b02\u3002\u6211\u570b\u73fe\u884c\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26\u689d\u4e4b2\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u5373\u5c6c\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6(Work Release Program)<br>\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5dde\u8b70\u54e1Henry Huber\u6240\u5021\uff0c\u8a72\u5dde\u65bc1913\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u4f11\u535a\u6cd5(Huber Act)\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u76e3\u7981\u4e2d\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u96e2\u958b\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u4e0d\u9808\u6212\u8b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e8b\u65bc\u76e3\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8b02\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26\u689d\u4e4b2\u7b2c1\u9805\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u53f8\u6cd5\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u8207\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u3002<br>\u91cb\u653e\u524d\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6(Pre-release Program)<br>\u4fc2\u6307\u5c0d\u65bc\u5373\u5c07\u671f\u6eff\u4e4b\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u91cb\u653e\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4e\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e4b\u8b02\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u8207\u5be6\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u81f4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u51fa\u76e3\u4eba\u518d\u72af\u4e4b\u5371\u96aa\u671f\u70ba\u525b\u91cb\u653e\u4e4b\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u5018\u7121\u4e00\u6bb5\u7de9\u885d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6975\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u51fa\u76e3\u4eba\u518d\u72af\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u9014\u4e4b\u5bb6\u3001\u91cb\u653e\u524d\u8f14\u5c0e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5747\u5c6c\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u66ab\u884c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6(Furlough Program)<br>\u4fc2\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u53c3\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u5c31\u5b78\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\uff0c\u51c6\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u5728\u6212\u8b77\u4e0b\u6216\u7121\u6212\u8b77\u4e0b\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u5354\u52a9\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u9054\u5230\u77ef\u6b63\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u975e\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u898f\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u4e4b\u7279\u6b0a\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u5404\u985e\u578b\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u51fa\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u4f9d\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26\u689d\u4e4b2\u7b2c1\u9805\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002<br>\u5c31\u5b78\u5916\u51fa\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u4f9d\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26\u689d\u4e4b2\u7b2c1\u9805\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002<br>\u91cb\u653e\u524d\u5916\u51fa\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u4f9d\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26\u689d\u4e4b2\u7b2c1\u9805\u7b2c3\u6b3e\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002<br>\u66ab\u884c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u5176\u8981\u4ef6\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u64c7\u8981\u7565\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u8fd4\u5bb6\u63a2\u8996\uff1a\u8fd4\u5bb6\u63a2\u8996\u662f\u66ab\u884c\u5916\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u662f\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u5408\u65bc\u4e00\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\uff0c\u51c6\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u671f\u9593\u8fd4\u5bb6\u63a2\u8996\u4e4b\u8b02\u3002\u5982\u5408\u65bc\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26-1\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c26-1\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c75\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5916\u5f79\u76e3\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c21\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u300d\u3001\u3001\u3001\u7684\u7279\u5225\u8fd4\u5bb6\u63a2\u8996\u3002<br>\u76e3\u5916\u4f5c\u696d\uff1a\u4f9d\u64da\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c27\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\uff1a\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u61c9\u6309\u4f5c\u696d\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5206\u8a2d\u5404\u7a2e\u5de5\u5834\u6216\u8fb2\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u914c\u4ee4\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5728\u76e3\u5916\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7279\u5b9a\u4f5c\u696d\uff1b\u5176\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7531\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e4b\u3002\u300d\u5408\u65bc\u524d\u8ff0\u300c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u76e3\u5916\u4f5c\u696d\u5be6\u65bd\u8fa6\u6cd5\u300d\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\u8005\uff0c\u5f97\u5f9e\u4e8b\u76e3\u5916\u4f5c\u696d\u3002<br>\u4fdd\u5916\u91ab\u6cbb\uff1a\u5982\u5408\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c58\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\u53ca\u7b2c8\u9805\u8005\u4e4b\u4fdd\u5916\u91ab\u6cbb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e6%ac%a1%e7%b4%9a%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u516b\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u539f\u56e0&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76e3\u7344\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f\u81ea1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u610f\u898b\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u525d\u596a\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u4f7f\u7136)\uff1a\u8cfd\u514b\u65af(G. Sykes)\u3001\u9ad8\u592b\u66fc(E.Goffman)\u3001\u91d1\u5df4\u591a(P. Zimbardo)\uff1b\u8f38\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f(\u5e36\u5165\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u539f\u884c\u70ba)\uff1a\u6b50\u6587(Irwin)\u3001\u514b\u96f7\u897f(Donald Cressey)\uff1b\u9806\u5f9e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u8a79\u4f2f\u8207\u666e\u7f85\u6ce2\u7406\u8afe(Edward Zamble and Frank Proporino.1988)\u3002<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u525d\u596a\u6a21\u5f0f(Deprivation Model)(\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u4f7f\u7136)<br>\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u8005\u8cfd\u514b\u65af\u65bc1958\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7d10\u6fa4\u897f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u76e3\u7344\u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u525d\u596a\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u76e3\u7981\u5177\u6709\u525d\u596a\u8207\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u76e3\u7344\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u6b63\u662f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u9069\u61c9\u76e3\u7981\u525d\u596a\u8207\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u9ad8\u4f5b\u66fc\u65bc\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u300b(Asylum)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6574\u9ad4\u6a5f\u69cb\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u3001\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u6216\u8ecd\u4e8b\u52de\u6539\u71df\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7684\u76e3\u7981\u8655\u6240\u5167\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u5c01\u9589\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u4e9b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u7368\u6a39\u4e00\u683c\u3001\u7570\u65bc\u5916\u754c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316(\u6797\u8302\u69ae\u3001\u694a\u58eb\u9686\uff0c\u6c1191)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c1972\u5e74\u9593\u7f8e\u570b\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u91d1\u5df4\u591a\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6a21\u4eff\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6c23\u6c1b\u3002\u5b78\u751f\u88ab\u5206\u6d3e\u70ba\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7d93\u6578\u65e5\u4e4b\u6a21\u64ec\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u64d4\u4efb\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u89d2\u8272\u8005\u7522\u751f\u7368\u65b7\u3001\u5c08\u6a6b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u800c\u64d4\u4efb\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\u8005\u5247\u5448\u73fe\u7121\u52a9\u3001\u6d88\u6975\u3001\u6182\u9b31\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u7834\u58de\u6027\uff0c\u4e43\u56e0\u5176\u4e0d\u6613\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u6a5f\u69cb\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eba\u54e1\u672c\u8eab\u7f3a\u5931 \u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u8f38\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f(Importation Model)(\u5e36\u5165\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u539f\u6709\u884c\u70ba)<br>\u5b78\u8005\u6b50\u6587\u8207\u514b\u96f7\u897f\u8a8d\u70ba\u76e3\u7344\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5916\u5728\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5165\u7344\u670d\u5211\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5f9e\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u651c\u5165\u5176\u539f\u6709\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8207\u60f3\u6cd5\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u6b50\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0d\u76e3\u7981\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u614b\u6a23\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5165\u76e3\u524d\u5373\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u65bc\u5165\u76e3\u670d\u5211\u6642\u651c\u5e36\u5165\u76e3\u3002\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u76e3\u7344\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7e2e\u5f71\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u4fc2\u7531\u5916\u5728\u793e\u6703\u50b3\u5165\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6b21\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u5916\u4f86\u8ad6\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u9806\u5f9e\u6a21\u5f0f(Compliance Model)<br>\u8a79\u4f2f\u8207\u666e\u7f85\u6ce2\u91cc\u8afe\u8a8d\u70ba\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u6a21\u5f0f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u53ca\u8abf\u9069\u76e3\u7344\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u5c1a\u672a\u5165\u76e3\u524d\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5165\u7344\u670d\u5211\u5f8c\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u76e3\u7344\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u58d3\u529b\u4e4b\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u5617\u8a66\u81ea\u6211\u8abf\u6574\u5230\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9806\u5f9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u3002<br>\u56db\u3001\u300c\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u8207\u300c\u4e92\u52d5\u6027\u300d\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede<br>\u73fe\u4eca\u5b78\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f(Integration Model)\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u6574\u4e0a\u8ff0\u525d\u596a\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u8f38\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u5169\u6d3e\u5c0d\u7acb\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u8f03\u70ba\u5468\u5ef6\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7522\u751f\u898b\u6a39\u4e0d\u898b\u6797\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u543e\u4eba\u77ad\u89e3\u300c\u76e3\u7344\u66b4\u52d5\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u540c\u6027\u6200\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5b78\u8005Irwin\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u76e3\u7344\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u52d5\u6027(Interactive)\u800c\u975e\u4e92\u65a5\u55ae\u4e00\uff0c\u70ba\u524d\u9805\u4e4b\u722d\u8b70\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u8a3b\u8173\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u524d\u76e3\u7344\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u6d41\u65e5\u8da8\u983b\u7e41\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cIrwin\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f35\u9817\u5177\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e4%b9%9d%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e6%af%92%e5%93%81%e6%88%92%e6%b2%bb%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u4e5d\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u6bd2\u54c1\u6212\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f(\u7406\u8ad6)&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u4ee3\u6bd2\u54c1\u6212\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f(\u7406\u8ad6)\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u56db\u500b\u6212\u6bd2\u7406\u8ad6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a&nbsp;<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u8a8d\u70ba\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u610f\u5fd7\u8584\u5f31\u3001\u6027\u683c\u60e1\u52a3\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6212\u6bd2\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u5f37\u5316\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5c0d\u6297\u6bd2\u54c1\u8a98\u60d1\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7642\u8cac\u4efb\u5728\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u77ef\u6cbb\u8005\u7121\u9808\u64d4\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u75be\u75c5\uff0f\u91ab\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u6210\u766e\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u61c9\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u75c5\u4eba\u4e88\u4ee5\u91ab\u6cbb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u65bc\u6cbb\u7642\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u6b64\u6642\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u80fd\u7acb\u5373\u6709\u6548\u53bb\u9664\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u751f\u7406\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u662f\u5426\u518d\u72af\u5247\u70ba\u6b21\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<br>\u4e09\u3001\u81ea\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u8a8d\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u662f\u70ba\u53bb\u9664\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8861\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u75be\u75c5\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4fc2\u5c07\u5438\u6bd2\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u6b78\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u907a\u50b3\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u7cbe\u795e\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u9808\u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u795e\u6cbb\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u846f\u7269\u4f86\u6212\u9664\u5438\u6bd2\u4f9d\u8cf4\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u6642\u7531\u65bc\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5fa9\u767c\u7387\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5982\u5c07\u6bd2\u54c1\u6212\u6cbb\u8996\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u6212\u6bd2\u5931\u6557\u5c0d\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\u8005\u5747\u4e0d\u6613\u52a0\u4ee5\u8cac\u96e3\u3002<br>\u56db\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f<br>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6212\u6bd2\u89c0\u5ff5\u5df2\u504f\u5411\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u9700\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u70ba\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u8eab\u5fc3\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u900f\u904e\u518d\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u4f86\u6212\u6bd2\u3002\u6b64\u5f0f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6212\u6cbb\u4e4b\u91cd\u9ede\u61c9\u653e\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u61f2\u7f70\u8207\u6307\u8cac\u5c0d\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u7121\u6fdf\u65bc\u4e8b\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u4f7f\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u8207\u77ef\u6cbb\u8005\u5171\u540c\u70ba\u5931\u6557\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u900f\u904e\u518d\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u518d\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u4f7f\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u900f\u904e\u9577\u671f\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u5065\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u6212\u9664\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<br>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u793e\u5340\u6cbb\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<br>\u4e94\u3001\u6574\u5408\uff0f\u751f\u7269\u5fc3\u7406\u793e\u6703\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u4e4b\u6210\u56e0\u4fc2\u591a\u5143\u6027\u4e14\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9808\u6574\u5408\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7406\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7b49\uff0c\u591a\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6cbb\u7642\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<br>\u516d\u3001\u793e\u5340\u6cbb\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u5177\u6709\u89aa\u621a\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u9023\u5e36\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u552f\u6709\u900f\u904e\u793e\u5340\u9593\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u514d\u65bc\u518d\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%ef%bc%9a%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%85o%ef%bc%87leary-duffee%e7%9a%84%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%ad%a3%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\uff1a\u5b78\u8005O\uff07leary &amp; Duffee\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u653f\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5967\u96f7\u5229(O\u2019Leary,Vincent)\u8207\u9662\u9577\u675c\u8cbb(Duffe,David)\u65bc1971\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f(Models of Correctional Policies)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u64da\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u5340\u91cd\u8996\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c07\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u93ae\u58d3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u56db\u7a2e\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u3001\u93ae\u58d3\u6a21\u5f0f(Restraint Model)<br>\u5c0d\u793e\u5340\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5747\u4f4e\uff0c\u93ae\u58d3\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5931\u6557\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u93ae\u58d3\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u9580\u9762\u3001\u96a8\u6ce2\u9010\u6d41\u3002\u5169\u8005\u9b3c\u6df7\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e3b\u52d5\u7a4d\u6975\u5411\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f(Reform Model)<br>\u5c0d\u793e\u5340\u5411\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u91cd\u8996\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u56b4\u53b2\u4f46\u537b\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u884c\u70ba\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u56b4\u53b2\u4f46\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4eba\u72af\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u8077\u54e1\u4eab\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u4ef2\u88c1\u4e4b\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<br>\u4e09\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f(Rehabilitation Model)<br>\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u8f03\u4e0d\u5f37\u8abf\u8207\u793e\u5340\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u77ef\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u75c5\u4eba\u6a19\u7c64\u53d6\u4ee3\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u53f8\u6cd5\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u5c08\u696d\u61c9\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<br>\u56db\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u5f0f(Reintegration Model)<br>\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u5340\u7686\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u5617\u8a66\u6e05\u9664\u72af\u7f6a\u70d9\u5370\uff0c\u76e3\u7981\u5118\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u52a0\u63a1\u7528\uff0c\u5fa9\u6b78\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u969c\u7919\u5c07\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002<br>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u524d\u8ff0\u56db\u9805\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e26\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4f75\u7f6e\u800c\u4ee5\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u578b\u614b\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e4%bd%9c%e6%a5%ad%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e3%80%81%e5%84%aa%e8%89%af%e4%bd%9c%e6%a5%ad%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e8%a1%a1%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e00\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u512a\u826f\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6a19\u6e96&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6<br>\u4f9d\u64da\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u52d9\u7701\u4e4b\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6(\u65b9\u5f0f)\u53ef\u5206\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff0c\u5206\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u8207\u6c11\u9593\u4f01\u696d\u7121\u95dc\u806f\u4e4b\u4f5c\u696d<br>\u570b\u71df\u696d\u5236\u3002\u6211\u570b\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u591a\u63a1\u6b64\u5236\u3002<br>\u5b98\u7528\u696d\u5236\u3002\u7522\u54c1\u53ea\u552e\u4e88\u516c\u52d9\u6a5f\u95dc\u3002<br>\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u696d\u5236\u3002\u4fc2\u5b98\u7528\u696d\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5bcc\u6709\u516c\u76ca\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<br>\u8207\u6c11\u9593\u4f01\u696d\u767c\u751f\u95dc\u806f\u4e4b\u4f5c\u696d<br>\u5408\u7d04\u696d\u5236(\u8207\u5c0f\u627f\u652c\u696d\u5236\u76f8\u4f3c)<br>\u59d4\u8a17\u696d\u5236(\u5408\u7d04\u5236\u4e4b\u6539\u826f)\u6700\u7c21\u4fbf\u7684\u3002\u6211\u6709\u63a1\u6b64\u5236\u8005\u3002<br>\u79df\u8cc3\u696d\u5236(\u6613\u751f\u8caa\u8d13\u6789\u6cd5)<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u512a\u826f\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u6a19\u6e96&nbsp;<br>\u76e3\u7344\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u96d6\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516d\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e14\u5404\u5177\u512a\u52a3\u9ede\uff0c\u81f3\u76e3\u7344\u4f5c\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5176\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u6709\u4e94\uff1a<br>\u80fd\u5426\u589e\u9032\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7<br>\u80fd\u5426\u5f71\u97ff\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u4e4b\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\u53ca\u8a13\u7df4\u5176\u8b00\u751f\u6280\u80fd<br>\u80fd\u5426\u52a9\u65bc\u6709\u6548\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406<br>\u80fd\u5426\u7d66\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca<br>\u80fd\u5426\u907f\u514d\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u52de\u5de5\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u696d\u7af6\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%9a%e7%b4%af%e9%80%b2%e8%99%95%e9%81%87%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81%e5%85%a7%e6%b6%b5\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e8c\uff1a\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<br>\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6307\u5c07\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u8655\u9047\u5206\u6210\u6578\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u7d1a\uff0c\u81ea\u7b2c\u56db\u7d1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u6f38\u9032\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u7d1a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d1a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d1a\u3002\u8655\u9047\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6309\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u7d1a\u5225\u8207\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7531\u56b4\u800c\u5bec\u3001\u7531\u7368\u5c45\u800c\u96dc\u5c45\u3001\u7531\u4ed6\u5f8b\u800c\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u6f38\u6b21\u9032\u7d1a\uff0c\u7d1a\u5225\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u8655\u9047\u6108\u512a\u6e25\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u5176\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u9069\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u884c\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c13\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5206\u56db\u7d1a\uff0c\u65b0\u5165\u76e3\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u9664\u300c\u4e0d\u7de8\u6216\u7de9\u7de8\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9015\u7de8\u6216\u6539\u5217\u4e09\u7d1a\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u5747\u81ea\u7b2c\u56db\u7d1a\u8d77\u7de8\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u6f38\u9032\u81f3\u4e09\u7d1a\u3001\u4e8c\u7d1a\u800c\u5f8c\u5347\u81f3\u4e00\u7d1a\u3002\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u662f\u7528\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u7684\u884c\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u884c\u5211\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u9f13\u52f5\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u7e2e\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u5047\u91cb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u5b9a\u671f\u5211\u4e0d\u5b9a\u671f\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5211(\u77ef\u6cbb\u5211)\u601d\u60f3\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5167\u6db5<br>\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u884c\u5211\u4e0a\u4e4b\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u8a98\u56e0\u53ca\u512a\u6e25\u8655\u9047\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u9f13\u52f5\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6301\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u5584\u884c\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u76e3\u7344\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u7e2e\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u5047\u91cb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u5b9a\u671f\u5211\u4e0d\u5b9a\u671f\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5211(\u77ef\u6cbb\u5211)\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u4e8c\u5927\u5167\u6db5\uff1a<br>\u4f9d\u6b21\u6f38\u9032\uff1a<br>\u8003\u6838\uff1a\u5211\u671f\u516d\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c7\u689d\u6240\u5217\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\u8005\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u7de8\u7d1a\u3002<br>\u7de8\u7d1a\uff1a\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c13\u689d\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u5206\u56db\u7d1a\uff0c\u65b0\u5165\u76e3\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u9664\u300c\u4e0d\u7de8\u6216\u7de9\u7de8\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9015\u7de8\u6216\u6539\u5217\u4e09\u7d1a\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u5747\u81ea\u7b2c\u56db\u7d1a\u8d77\u7de8\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u6f38\u9032\u81f3\u4e09\u7d1a\u3001\u4e8c\u7d1a\u800c\u5f8c\u5347\u81f3\u4e00\u7d1a\u3002<br>\u5b9a\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u6578\uff1a\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c19\u689d\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u5b9a\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u6578\u3002<br>\u8a55\u6210\u7e3e\u5206\u6578\uff1a\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c20\u689d\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u7d1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u4e4b\u6210\u7e3e\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u5217\u6a19\u6e96\u5206\u5225\u8a18\u8f09\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff1a(\u4e00)\u6559\u5316\u7d50\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u56db\u5206\u3002(\u4e8c)\u4f5c\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u56db\u5206\u3002(\u4e09)\u64cd\u884c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u56db\u5206\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u5c11\u5e74\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff1a(\u4e00)\u6559\u5316\u7d50\u679c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u4e94\u5206\u3002(\u4e8c)\u64cd\u884c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u56db\u5206\u3002(\u4e09)\u4f5c\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u4e09\u5206\u3002<br>\u9032\u7d1a\uff1a\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c21\u689d\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u7d1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u6240\u5f97\u6210\u7e3e\u5206\u6578\u62b5\u92b7\u4e4b\uff0c\u62b5\u92b7\u6de8\u76e1\u8005\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u9032\u7d1a\u3002\u672c\u7d1a\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u6578\u62b5\u92b7\u6de8\u76e1\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u6210\u7e3e\u5206\u6578\u6709\u9918\uff0c\u4f75\u5165\u6240\u9032\u4e4b\u7d1a\u8a08\u7b97\u3002<br>\u6709\u734e\u6709\u61f2\uff1a<br>\u734e\u8cde\uff1a\u52a0\u5206\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u8655\u9047\u3001\u8207\u7737\u540c\u4f4f\u3001\u5047\u9032\u7d1a\u3001\u7e2e\u5211\u3001\u5047\u91cb\u7b49\uff1b<br>\u61f2\u7f70\uff1a\u6263\u5206\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u9032\u7d1a\u3001\u7559\u7d1a\u3001\u64a4\u56de\u5047\u91cb\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%9a%e5%92%8c%e7%b7%a9%e8%99%95%e9%81%87%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6%e3%80%81%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e09\uff1a\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f55\u8b02\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<br>\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u6307\u76e3\u7344\u5c0d\u65bc\u76e3\u5167\u67d0\u4e9b\u8eab\u5fc3\u72c0\u6cc1\u8f03\u70ba\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u8f03\u4e00\u822c\u8655\u9047\u4f86\u5f97\u6eab\u548c\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u8655\u9047\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u72c0\u6cc1\u8f03\u70ba\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u7d00\u5f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u5584\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u4f9d\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5b9a\u548c\u7de9\u5176\u8655\u9047\u3002<br>\u95dc\u65bc\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c2\u689d\u7b2c3\u9805\u660e\u6587\u300c\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u7d00\u5f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u5584\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u8996\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f9d\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5b9a\u548c\u7de9\u5176\u8655\u9047\u3002\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u539f\u56e0\u6d88\u6ec5\u5f8c\uff0c\u56de\u5fa9\u5176\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u3002\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u4fc2\u6307\u8f03\u4e00\u822c\u8655\u9047\u70ba\u6eab\u548c\u7de9\u9032\u4e4b\u7279\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u7684\u689d\u4ef6<br>\u4f9d\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c26\u689d\u7b2c1\u9805\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u4f9d\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c20\u689d\u7b2c3\u9805\u5f97\u70ba\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de6\u5217\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u70ba\u9650\uff1a<br>\u60a3\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u7d93\u91ab\u5e2b\u8b49\u660e\u9808\u9577\u671f\u7642\u990a\u8005\u3002<br>\u5fc3\u795e\u55aa\u5931\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u8017\u5f31\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u3002<br>\u8870\u8001\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u4e0d\u4fbf\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u8005\u3002<br>\u61f7\u80ce\u6216\u5206\u5a29\u672a\u6eff\u4e8c\u6708\u8005\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u8005\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c26\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u300c\u524d\u9805\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u61c9\u5831\u8acb\u6cd5\u52d9\u90e8\u5099\u67e5\u3002\u300d<br>\u4e09\u3001\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<br>\u4f9d\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c27\u689d\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u524d\u689d\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u4e4b\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u4f9d\u5de6\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u4e4b\uff1a<br>\u6559\u5316\uff1a\u4ee5\u500b\u5225\u6559\u8aa8\u53ca\u6709\u76ca\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u884c\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u4f5c\u696d\uff1a\u4f9d\u5176\u5fd7\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u659f\u914c\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u4ee4\u5176\u53c3\u52a0\u8f15\u4fbf\u4f5c\u696d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u52de\u4f5c\u91d1\u4e26\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u582a\u4f5c\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u5f97\u7d93\u76e3\u7344\u885b\u751f\u79d1\u4e4b\u8b49\u660e\u505c\u6b62\u5176\u4f5c\u696d\u3002<br>\u76e3\u7981\uff1a\u8996\u5176\u500b\u5225\u60c5\u6cc1\u5b9a\u4e4b\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u59a8\u5bb3\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5206\u5225\u76e3\u7981\u3002<br>\u63a5\u898b\u53ca\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a\u4f9d\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e8c\u689d\u4f46\u66f8\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u689d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u53ca\u672c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u4e5d\u689d\u4f46\u66f8\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u8fa6\u7406\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u7d66\u990a\uff1a\u4f9d\u672c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u56db\u689d\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u53ca\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u8fa6\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u7d66\u4e88\u4fdd\u5065\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9700\u4e4b\u8863\u7269\u3002<br>\u7de8\u7d1a\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u7d00\u5f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u5584\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u4f9d\u884c\u5211\u7d2f\u9032\u8655\u9047\u689d\u4f8b\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u4e88\u4ee5\u7de8\u7d1a\uff0c\u7de8\u7d1a\u5f8c\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u4f9d\u540c\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u689d\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96\u516b\u6210\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u4e0d\u582a\u4f5c\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u696d\u6210\u7e3e\u4f9d\u540c\u689d\u4f8b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u689d\u6240\u5b9a\u4f5c\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6578\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u8a08\u7b97\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u76e3\u7344\u884c\u5211\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u7d30\u5247\u7b2c55\u689d\u7b2c2\u9805\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a<br>\u9664\u5c11\u5e74\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u51e1\u6b98\u9918\u5211\u671f\u4e0d\u6eff\u516d\u6708\u6216\u672a\u53c3\u52a0\u4f5c\u696d\u6216\u53d7\u548c\u7de9\u8655\u9047\u8005\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u7de8\u73ed\u65bd\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u61c9\u9069\u6642\u4e88\u4ee5\u6559\u8aa8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%9b%9b%ef%bc%9a%e7%b8%ae%e7%9f%ad%e5%88%91%e6%9c%9f%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e3%80%81%e7%a8%ae%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e8%a6%81%e4%bb%b6\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u56db\uff1a\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u8981\u4ef6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6<br>\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\u7c21\u7a31\u7e2e\u5211\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u5584\u6642\u5236\u5ea6(Good Time System)\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u5c0d\u5728\u76e3\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u884c\u72c0\u5584\u826f\u4e4b\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\uff0c\u7e2e\u77ed\u5176\u61c9\u57f7\u884c\u4e4b\u5211\u671f\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4fc3\u4f7f\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u6539\u6094\u5411\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6642\u5584\u884c(\u6642)\u4e4b\u884c\u5211\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8a72\u5236\u9996\u5275\u65bc1817\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u4e4b\u5584\u6642\u6cd5(Good Time Law)\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u5247\u59cb\u65bc\u6c11\u570b29\u5e74\u4e4b\u300c\u5f92\u5211\u4eba\u72af\u79fb\u58be\u5be6\u65bd\u8fa6\u6cd5\u7b2c12\u689d\u300d\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u8981\u4ef6<br>\u6211\u570b\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u95dc\u65bc\u7e2e\u77ed\u5211\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\u5206\u666e\u901a\u76e3\u8207\u5916\u5f79\u76e3\u4e8c\u7a2e\uff0c\u7e2e\u5211\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u5206\u5225\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/66a09570-02a3-47b2-ad0b-c0e06c21794d.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%ef%bc%9a%e6%92%a4%e9%8a%b7%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e3%80%81%e6%92%a4%e5%9b%9e%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e3%80%81%e9%a7%81%e5%9b%9e%e5%81%87%e9%87%8b%e4%b8%89%e8%80%85%e4%b9%8b%e5%b7%ae%e7%95%b0\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e94\uff1a\u64a4\u92b7\u5047\u91cb\u3001\u64a4\u56de\u5047\u91cb\u3001\u99c1\u56de\u5047\u91cb\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/897f027f-bb10-4182-9dd2-4fe3bbea25ec.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%97%e5%88%91%e4%ba%ba%e6%9a%b4%e8%a1%8c%e4%b9%8b%e6%88%90%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%81%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e5%b0%8d%e7%ad%96\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u516d\uff1a\u53d7\u5211\u4eba\u66b4\u884c\u4e4b\u6210\u56e0\u3001\u9810\u9632\u5c0d\u7b56&nbsp;<span 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\uff0c\u4f9d\u7f8e\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u5b78\u8005\u67cf\u514b(Bowker\uff0c1982)\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76e3\u7344\u6703\u767c\u751f\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u76e3\u7763\uff1b\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d50\u69cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u7121\u6cd5\u6291\u5236\u4eba\u72af\u66b4\u884c\uff1b\u5bb9\u6613\u7372\u5f97\u81f4\u547d\u6b66\u5668\uff1b\u5c07\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u50be\u5411\u4eba\u72af\u8207\u5f31\u52e2\u4eba\u72af\u6536\u5bb9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u623f\u820d\u904e\u65bc\u64c1\u64e0\uff0c\u6c23\u6c1b\u7dca\u5f35\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6839\u64da\u5176\u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u570b\u76e3\u7344\u66b4\u884c\u767c\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e92\u6bc6\uff1b\u6253\u7fa4\u67b6\uff1b\u4e3b\u7ba1\u88ab\u6bc6\u6253\u3001\u6bba\u50b7\u53ca\u7576\u4eba\u8cea\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u5c0d\u4eba\u72af\u65bd\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u66b4\u884c\u4e4b\u9810\u9632\u5c0d\u7b56&nbsp;<br><br>\u76e3\u6240\u66b4\u884c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7344\u653f\u4e4b\u77ef\u6b63\u529f\u80fd\u50b7\u5bb3\u81f3\u9245\uff0c\u6545\u76e3\u6240\u66b4\u884c\u4e4b\u9810\u9632\u5de5\u4f5c\u61c9\u7279\u4e88\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\u5c07\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u62d8\u7981\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u4f7f\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u63a5\u53d7\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u8207\u77ef\u6b63\u3002\u53c3\u914c\u77ef\u6b63\u5be6\u52d9\u8207\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u53b2\u884c\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u516c\u6b63\u4e4b\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\uff0c\u4e0b\u516d\u9ede\u4e4b\u8003\u616e\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6291\u5236\u8207\u6e1b\u5c11\u76e3\u6240\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff1a<br>\u6539\u9032\u8abf\u67e5\u5206\u985e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ffe\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5177\u56b4\u91cd\u66b4\u529b\u50be\u5411\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u7372\u5f97\u9694\u96e2\u3002<br>\u958b\u555f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4f7f\u6015\u6210\u70ba\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u6536\u5bb9\u4eba\u80fd\u7372\u53d6\u8077\u54e1\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u5354\u52a9\u3002<br>\u589e\u52a0\u6212\u8b77\u4eba\u529b\u53ca\u5f37\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u4e4b\u7d20\u8cea\u3002<br>\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\u76e3\u6240\u5efa\u7bc9\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a7a\u9593\u7686\u7d0d\u5165\u76e3\u7763\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u6709\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u76f2\u9ede\u300d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br>\u589e\u8a2d\u8655\u7406\u9673\u60c5\u3001\u7533\u8a34\u4e4b\u5b98\u54e1\u53ca\u5404\u9805\u7533\u8a34\u7ba1\u9053\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u6f5b\u4f0f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6eff\u885d\u7a81\u3002<br>\u5f37\u5316\u916c\u8cde\u53ca\u5eb7\u6a02\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e4b\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u6e1b\u8f15\u76e3\u7981\u4e4b\u75db\u695a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u9593\u63a5\u6e1b\u5c11\u66b4\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%83%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%9b%e7%be%85%e9%87%8c%e9%81%94%e5%b7%9e%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e6%af%92%e5%93%81%e6%b3%95%e5%ba%ad%e3%80%8d\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e03\uff1a\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u7684\u300c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u300d&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u7684\u300c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u300d\u7de9\u8d77\u8a34\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u300c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u300d\u662f\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u6cd5\u5ead\u63a1\u7528\u5408\u4f5c\u578b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u904b\u7528\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u9898\uff0c\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u6cd5\u5ead\u63a1\u5c0d\u6297\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u6210\u7acb\u65bc1989\u5e74\u4f5b\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u7684\u9081\u963f\u5bc6\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u63a8\u5ee3\u81f3\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5dde\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4fc2\u7576\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u7d93\u8b66\u65b9\u67e5\u7372\u800c\u79fb\u9001\u6cd5\u9662\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u7531\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u5c31\u5176\u72af\u7f6a\u614b\u6a23\uff0c\u53c3\u5be9\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u7684\u5be9\u524d\u8abf\u67e5(Pre-Trail Diversion)\u7d9c\u5408\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cbb\u7642\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6210\u766e\u5206\u6790\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f03\u5177\u6cbb\u7642\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u521d\u72af\u8005\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u8207\u88ab\u544a\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5546\u8a0e\u540c\u610f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u9020\u65bc\u6bd2\u54c1\u6cd5\u5ead\u7531\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u5411\u6cd5\u5b98\u5efa\u8b70\u66ab\u7de9\u9032\u884c\u300c\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u8a8d\u7f6a\u300d\u7a0b\u5e8f(Plea Bargain)\uff0c\u7d93\u6cd5\u5b98\u540c\u610f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\u5373\u66ab\u505c\u5c0d\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u800c\u4ee4\u88ab\u544a\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u9577\u905418\u500b\u6708\u4e4b\u6bd2\u54c1\u6212\u6cbb\u8655\u5206\u3002<br>\u5176\u6212\u6bd2\u67b6\u69cb\u5206\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u70ba\u300c\u6025\u6027\u89e3\u6bd2\u968e\u6bb5(\u671f)\u300d<br>\u7d042\u81f36\u9031\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u300c\u7d42\u6b62\u5438\u6bd2\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6212\u9664\u751f\u7406\u6bd2\u766e(\u4f9d\u8cf4)\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u9664\u4e88\u88ab\u544a\u5718\u9ad4\u8f14\u5c0e\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u9031\u4e94\u6b21\u91dd\u7078\u6cbb\u7642\u53ca\u6bcf\u9031\u4e09\u6b21\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6642\u9a57\u5c3f\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\u70ba\u300c\u7a69\u5b9a\u968e\u6bb5(\u671f)\u300d<br>\u7d043\u81f36\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u6559\u5c0e\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u5982\u4f55\u904e\u8457\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u6212\u6bd2\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u4e26\u6559\u5c0e\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u5b78\u7fd2\u60c5\u7dd2\u63a7\u5236\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u6e9d\u901a\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u57f7\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u8a08\u756b\u8207\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6b63\u7576\u4f11\u9591\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u8077\u696d\u8f14\u5c0e\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4ea6\u7a7f\u63d2\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u968e\u6bb5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u6bcf\u9031\u4e8c\u6b21\u91dd\u7078\u6cbb\u7642\u53ca\u6bcf\u9031\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6642\u9a57\u5c3f\uff0c\u82e5\u5931\u6557\u5247\u9000\u56de\u524d\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8005\u9032\u5165\u70ba\u671f40\u9031\u4e4b\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u70ba\u300c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8f14\u5c0e\u968e\u6bb5(\u671f)\u300d<br>\u7d048\u81f312\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u9f13\u52f5\u88ab\u544a\u5c07\u524d\u968e\u6bb5\u6240\u7fd2\u5f97\u4e4b\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bd2\u54c1\u72af\u4fdd\u6301\u6210\u529f\u6212\u6bd2\u4e4b\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9664\u6bcf\u6708\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u6b21\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6642\u9a57\u5c3f\u5916\uff0c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u7763\u4fc3\u88ab\u544a\u57f7\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ab%ef%bc%9a%e7%95%b6%e4%bb%a3%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9f%af%e6%b2%bb%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e5%8b%95%e5%90%91\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u516b\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6cbb\u56db\u5927\u52d5\u5411&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f9d\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u8cbb\u80af\u8afe\u723e(Finckernauer)\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u56db\u5927\u52d5\u5411\uff0c\u5206\u8ff0\u5982\u5f8c\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u3001\u8f49\u5411(Diversion)<br>\u8f49\u5411\u662f\u5c11\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u5c11\u5e74\u77ef\u6b63\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u964d\u4f4e\u6b63\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5c0d\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8f49\u4ecb\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u6a5f\u69cb\u70d9\u5370\u4e4b\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u8457\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e0b\u5c0b\u627e\u8655\u7406\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u70ba\u964d\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u53ca\u7d2f\u518d\u72af\u3001\u4e26\u6e1b\u5c11\u53f8\u6cd5\u8ca0\u64d4\u3001\u907f\u514d\u6a19\u7c64\u53ca\u975e\u6cd5\u5e72\u9810\u7b49\u4e4b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u3002<br>\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u8f49\u5411\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u7b26\u5408\u5211\u7f70\u8b19\u6291\u539f\u5247\uff1b\u7b26\u5408\u5211\u7f70\u7d93\u6fdf\u539f\u5247\uff1b\u6e1b\u5c11\u76e3\u7981\u4e4b\u5f0a\u75c5\uff1b\u63d0\u9ad8\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u6210\u6548\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u9664\u7f6a\u5316(Decriminalization)<br>\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7cfb\u6307\u5c07\u67d0\u4e00\u985e\u539f\u5148\u8981\u79d1\u8655\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u6216\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e4b\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u5ee2\u6b62\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8655\u7f70\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u6392\u9664\u65bc\u5211\u7f70\u5236\u88c1\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6c11\u570b76\u5e74\u4e4b\u7968\u64da\u6cd5\u7684\u5ee2\u6b62\u3002<br>\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e43\u51fa\u65bc\u5211\u6cd5\u8b19\u6291\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5021\u8b70\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73fe\u884c\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8655\u7406\u904e\u591a\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e0d\u5927\u4e14\u7121\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c07\u90e8\u5206\u7f6a\u540d\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8a0e\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5211\u7f70\u4e4b\u898f\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u4e3b\u5f35\u73fe\u6709\u5c11\u5e74\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8655\u7406\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e4b\u300c\u865e\u72af\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u61c9\u4e88\u5ee2\u9664(\u53c3\u91cb\u5b57644)\u3002<br>\u4e09\u3001\u975e\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027(Deinstitutonization)<br>\u975e\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c11\u5e74\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u4e4b\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u6539\u63a1\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u8655\u9047\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u5340\u76e3\u7763\u3001\u5bc4\u990a\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u8655\u9047\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u975e\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u8655\u9047\u4f86\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c11\u5e74\u518d\u72af\u548c\u5f37\u5316\u5176\u793e\u6703\u9069\u61c9\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u63a1\u975e\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5f37\u5316\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9069\u61c9\u529b\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u76e3\u7344\u5316\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u5167\u60e1\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u53ca\u6a19\u7c64\u6548\u61c9\u7b49\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br>\u975e\u6a5f\u69cb\u6027\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u63a8\u52d5\u5e38\u6703\u906d\u5230\u8cac\u96e3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u5340\u6cbb\u5b89\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u5687\u963b\u529b\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7136\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u5c11\u5e74\u77ef\u6b63\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u518d\u72af\u7387\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u793e\u5340\u65b9\u6848\u7d93\u904e\u59a5\u9069\u7684\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u518d\u72af\u7387\u5c07\u6703\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<br>\u56db\u3001\u9069\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5f0f(Due Process)<br>\u53c8\u7a31\u9069\u6b63\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u88ab\u544a\u63a1\u300c\u7121\u7f6a\u63a8\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u53f8\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u81f4\u65bc\u6feb\u6b0a\u3001\u5c08\u6a6b\uff0c\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u9069\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u5411\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u570b\u5c11\u5e74\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5373\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e5%8d%81%e4%b9%9d%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e5%88%86%e5%8d%80%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e3%80%8dunit-management\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u984c\u5341\u4e5d\uff1a\u300c\u5206\u5340\u7ba1\u7406\u300d(unit management)&nbsp;<span 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