{"id":2386,"date":"2021-06-22T16:30:57","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T08:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386"},"modified":"2021-08-05T10:37:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T02:37:34","slug":"%e8%a7%80%e8%ad%b7%e4%ba%ba%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%ae%98%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e5%ad%b8-108%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9d%e5%88%ba-%e9%80%99%e4%ba%9b%e8%a7%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386","title":{"rendered":"\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78-\u9069\u7528\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u3001\u76e3\u7344\u5b98\u3001\u76e3\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1-\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8770f6eb392\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8770f6eb392\"  aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e3%80%90%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\" >\u3010\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3011(108\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e%e8%ab%96\" >\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u89c0\u9ede\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e8%88%87%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\" >\u4e8c\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u5e74\u9f61\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%848020%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87\" >\u4e09\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u768480\/20\u6cd5\u5247<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3\" >\u56db\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u60f3&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e6%83%85%e5%a2%83%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e3%80%8d\" >\u4e94\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u300d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u516d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e7%9a%84%e5%81%87%e8%a8%ad%e3%80%81%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b%e3%80%81%e5%85%b1%e5%90%8c%e7%89%b9%e5%be%b5\" >\u4e03\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3001\u985e\u578b\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5fb5&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9asampson-%e5%8f%8alaub%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e9%80%90%e7%b4%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e3%80%8d\" >\u516b\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1aSampson \u53caLaub\u7684\u300c\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u7406\u8ad6\u300d&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%b9%9d%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e6%ad%b7%e7%a8%8b%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e8%88%87%e6%bd%9b%e5%9c%a8%e7%89%b9%e8%b3%aa%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u4e5d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e8%8a%9d%e5%8a%a0%e5%93%a5%e5%ad%b8%e6%b4%be%e8%88%87%e9%9b%86%e9%ab%94%e6%95%88%e8%83%bd%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u5341\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b78\u6d3e\u8207\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e8%a2%ab%e5%ae%b3%e8%80%85%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e9%ab%94%e7%b3%bb%e8%88%87%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e6%ad%a3%e7%be%a9\" >\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8207\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%90%b5%e4%b8%89%e8%a7%92crime-triangle\" >\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2(Crime Triangle)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%b0%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%99%bd%e9%a0%98%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa\" >\u5341\u56db\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e8%97%a5%e7%89%a9%e6%bf%ab%e7%94%a8%e8%88%87%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e4%b9%8b%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\" >\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%89%e5%b1%a4%e6%ac%a1%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\" >\u5341\u516d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%91%e4%ba%8b%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e9%81%8b%e4%bd%9c%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\" >\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e6%88%91%e5%9c%8b%e7%8f%be%e8%a1%8c%e7%a4%be%e5%8d%80%e8%99%95%e9%81%87%e4%b9%8b%e5%9e%8b%e6%85%8b\" >\u5341\u516b\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u6211\u570b\u73fe\u884c\u793e\u5340\u8655\u9047\u4e4b\u578b\u614b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e5%8d%81%e4%b9%9d%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%82%91%e4%bd%9b%e5%88%a9%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8%e7%bf%92%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u5091\u4f5b\u5229\u7684\u751f\u7269\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e6%81%a9cohen%e7%9a%84%e6%ac%a1%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u79d1\u6069(Cohen)\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%8b%e5%8b%9e%e6%b8%a5%e8%88%87%e5%a5%a7%e6%9e%97%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%ae%e5%88%a5%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\" >\u4e8c\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u514b\u52de\u6e25\u8207\u5967\u6797\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2386\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-1-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-1-16.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-1-16-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91108%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3011(108\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u7bc4\u7587\u6709\u56db\u5927\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u5f9e\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u72af\u7814\u6240\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8a66\u984c\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u547d\u984c\u65b9\u5411\u4ecd\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u539f\u56e0\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u72af\u7f6a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78(\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u53ca\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6)\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3001\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9(\u6216\u53f8\u6cd5)\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u7b49\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78(\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u53ca\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6)\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u3001\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9(\u6216\u53f8\u6cd5)\u6700\u53d7\u559c\u611b\u3002<br>\u81f3\u65bc\u72af\u7f6a\u985e\u578b\u8ad6\u5247\u4ee5\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u8f03\u53d7\u9752\u775e\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u5247\u4ee5\u5de8\u89c0\u7684\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u9996\u9078\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u89c0\u9ede\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72af\u7f6a\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u96d6\u91cd\u5728\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u73fe\u8c61\u672c\u8cea\u4e4b\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u754c\u5b9a\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b78\u6d3e\u5c31\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u539f\u56e0\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<br>\u4e94\u7a2e\u72af\u7f6a\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6(The Consensus View of Crime)\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u300c\u529f\u80fd\u5b78\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u4e43\u9055\u53cd\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e14\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u81f4\u8b74\u8cac\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u5747\u63a1\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u610f\u898b\u7b49\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<br>\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u4e0d\u50c5\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u4e5f\u6cd5\u5178\u5316(codified)\u793e\u6703\u6240\u5171\u540c\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u7b49\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u70ba\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u6240\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u800c\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u6240\u767c\u4f48\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u96c6\u9ad4\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\u5b83\u61c9\u6beb\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u81f3\u793e\u6703\u5404\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u9055\u53cd\u8005\u65bd\u4ee5\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u5927\u9ad4\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u4e92\u52d5\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6(\u5373\u6a19\u7c64\u7406\u8ad6)\u53ca\u885d\u7a81\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u8005\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u8005(\u5305\u62ec\u53e4\u5178\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b78\u6d3e\u4ee5\u5916\u4e4b\u5be6\u8b49\u5b78\u6d3e\u5b78\u8005)\u5747\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u885d\u7a81\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6(the conflict view of crime)\uff1a<br>\u885d\u7a81\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\uff1a<br>\u885d\u7a81\u89c0\u8a8d\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u7d44\u6210-\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u8077\u54e1\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\u3002\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u653f\u7d93\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u5c07\u6703\u5229\u7528\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7dad\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u6709\u6b0a\u548c\u6709\u9322\u8005\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6709\u6b0a\u548c\u6709\u9322\u8005\u70ba\u7dad\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u8005\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u6c11\u5171\u901a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002<br>\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<br>\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u6709\u6b0a\u53ca\u4e0a\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u7981\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u4ea4\u3001\u6bba\u4eba\u7b49\u4ea6\u542b\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u8ca7\u7aae\u53ca\u4f4e\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\u4e4b\u61a4\u6012\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u91dd\u5c0d\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u800c\u767c\u3002\u4f46\u885d\u7a81\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002\u63a1\u53d6\u885d\u7a81\u72af\u7f6a\u89c0\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u53c8\u7a31\u6279\u5224\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u6d3e\u3002<br>\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6(the interaction view of crime)\uff1a<br>\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\uff1a<br>\u8207\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e43\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6709\u6b0a\u8005\u4ee5\u5176\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7531\u65bc\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e43\u7531\u793e\u6703\u63c0\u9078\u5c07\u4e4b\u6a19\u7c64\u70ba\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u3002\u8207\u885d\u7a81\u8ad6\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u754c\u5b9a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\u4e26\u7121\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<br>\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<br>\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e43\u662f\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u4f01\u696d\u5bb6\u300d\u904b\u7528\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u9055\u6cd5\u8005\u6108\u5c11\u5e72\u9810\u6108\u597d\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u6a19\u7c64\u3001\u70d9\u5370\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u843d\u5165\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<br>\u300c\u4e00\u81f4\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u4e92\u52d5\u89c0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8ad6\u300d\u662f\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u4e8c\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ea6\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u3002<br>\u6b77\u53f2\u89c0\uff1a\u73fe\u4eca\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u572818\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\u6642\u662f\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u898f\u7bc4\u52a0\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7576\u6642\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<br>\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\uff1a\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\u4e3b\u5f35\u6b0a\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u5bb3\u5373\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6b64\u89c0\u9ede\u64f4\u5145\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7684\u4fb7\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e8%88%87%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u5e74\u9f61\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2&nbsp;<br>\u5c31\u50cf\u6027\u5225\u3001\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u5e74\u9f61\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u985e\u578b\u61c9\u6709\u660e\u986f\u5730\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u4ea6\u61c9\u6703\u96a8\u5e74\u9f61\u4e4b\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u6709\u6240\u8b8a\u9077\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u7d71\u8a08\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e74\u9f61\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u6700\u7c21\u6613\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<br>\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b98\u65b9\u7d71\u8a08\u5747\u767b\u9304\u8a18\u8f09\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u4e26\u8aaa\u660e\u5404\u985e\u578b\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8b8a\u9805\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u5747\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u5e74\u9f61\u5206\u4f48\u72c0\u6cc1\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u5e74\u9f61\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u73fe\u8c61\u4e2d\u76f8\u7576\u986f\u8457\u800c\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u8b8a\u9805\u3002<br>\u4e00\u822c\u72af\u7f6a\u7d71\u8a08(\u8abf\u67e5)\u5747\u6703\u9855\u793a\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a(\u504f\u5dee)\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f\u9054\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6025\u5287\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u9ad8\u3001\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u5718\u9ad4\u5747\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u4f46\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u4e0d\u56e0\u5e74\u9f61\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5e74\u9f61\u4ea6\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u985e\u578b\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u8857\u982d\u8ca1\u7522\u72af\u7f6a\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e74\u9577\u4ee5\u7121\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u6216\u8a50\u6b3a\u72af\u7f6a\u8f03\u591a\u3002\u5e74\u9f61\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u5730\u5f37\u70c8\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u6027(\u5982\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u8077\u696d\u7b49)\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u4eba\u6240\u8655\u60c5\u5883(\u5982\uff1a\u76e3\u7344\u6216\u8ecd\u968a\u7b49)\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u5e74\u9f61\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76&nbsp;<br>Wolfgang\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe(1972)\uff1a<br>\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u8b8a\u6210\u6210\u4eba\u72af\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u5c11\u5e74\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e09\u500d\u3002<br>\u64da\u7814\u7a76\u67096% \u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u89f8\u72af\u4e8652% \u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u3002&nbsp;<br>\u591a\u6578\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u89f8\u72af\u4e00\u3001\u5169\u6b21\u975e\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u6703\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<br>\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7684\u524d\u79d1\u8a18\u9304\u6108\u591a\u8005\uff0c\u6108\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u4eba\u72af\u6216\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u3002&nbsp;<br>\u82f1\u570bFarrington(1977)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff1a<br>\u82f1\u570b\u5b78\u8005David Farrington(1977)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e86Wolfgang\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002David Farrington(1977)\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u5c0d411\u540d\u51fa\u751f\u65bc1951\u52301954\u5e74\u9593\u4e4b\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u8abf\u67e5\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5176\u591a\u6b21\u72af\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u902e\u6355\u3001\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7b49\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002David Farrington\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4e4b\u667a\u5546\u8f03\u4f4e\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528\u3001\u5e38\u5931\u696d\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u9644\u8457\u4f4e\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7d50\uff1a<br>\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8de8\u8d8a\u5404\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u7e31\u8cab\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u767c\u73fe\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5e74\u8f15\u8005\u5c45\u591a\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\u671f\u76f8\u7576\u9577\u4e45\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u3001\u958b\u59cb\u72af\u7f6a\u6642\u5e74\u9f61\u8f03\u8f15\u3001\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u53cb\u4f34\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff1a<br>\u65e9\u767c\u72af\u4e4b\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u6bd4\u665a\u767c\u72af\u70ba\u60e1\u52a3\u3002<br>\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u540c\u5115\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u4f73\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\u7b49\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u3002<br>\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u5f88\u96e3\u4ee5\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u5211\u7f70\u9054\u5230\u5687\u963b\u6548\u61c9\u3002<br>\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u7981\u6216\u4e09\u632f\u6cd5\u6848\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u6162\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u60c5\u611f\u53ca\u9054\u6210\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u773c\u4e0d\u898b\u70ba\u6de8\u7684\u9694\u96e2\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%848020%e6%b3%95%e5%89%87\"><\/span>\u4e09\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u768480\/20\u6cd5\u5247<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72af\u7f6a\u768480\/20\u6cd5\u5247&nbsp;<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u7684 80\/20 \u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u539f\u5247\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u8207\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u9019\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9810\u9632\u6210\u6548\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u6790\u8005\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br>\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff1a<br>\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u5728Wolfgang\u7684\u8cbb\u57ce\u540c\u751f\u7fa4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4e2d\u5927\u7d04\u67095%\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u5c0d\u8d85\u904e50%\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002<br>\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u91cd\u5211\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u76e3\u7981\u3001\u4e09\u632f\u51fa\u5c40\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<br>\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff1a<br>\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u6839\u64da\u82f1\u570b\u72af\u7f6a\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u91cd\u8907\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005(\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f544%)\u5728\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u627f\u53d7\u4e8640%\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u8a18\u9304\u3002<br>\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u52a0\u5f37\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u8655\u9047\u53ca\u88ab\u5bb3\u50be\u5411\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u9810\u9632\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u5bb3\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u71b1\u9ede\uff1a<br>\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u9805\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0cLawrence Sherman\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u653e\u5728\u5730\u5716\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5728Minneapolis \u4e2d\u67096%\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5831\u8b66\u6b21\u6578\u4f54\u6240\u6709\u5831\u8b66\u6b21\u6578\u768460%\u3002<br>\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u71b1\u9ede\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u52a0\u5f37\u5de1\u908f\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u898b\u8b66\u7387\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u76e3\u63a7(\u5982CCTV)\u3002<br><br>\u71b1\u9580\u8ca1\u7269\uff1a<br>\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u71b1\u9580\u8ca1\u7269\u5373\u71b1\u9580\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u640d\u5931\u8cc7\u6599\u5354\u6703(Highway Loss Data Institute)\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u8cc7\u6599\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6c7d\u8eca\uff0c\u5931\u7aca\u7387\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8eca\u6b3e\u768430\u500d\u3002<br>\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u71b1\u9580\u8ca1\u7269\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e0a\u4e4b\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u6a19\u7684\u7269\u7684\u5f37\u5316\u3001\u96b1\u533f\u6a19\u7684\u7269\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u6a19\u8a3b\u3002<br>\u9019\u7a2e\u96c6\u4e2d\u73fe\u8c61\u4e26\u975e\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u5931\u5e8f\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u5730\u9707\u537b\u9020\u6210\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5730\u9707\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u54e1\u8b66\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u902e\u6355\u3002\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u88ab\u901a\u7a31\u70ba80-20\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c80\/20\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7dad\u5f17\u96f7\u591a\u00b7\u5e15\u96f7\u6258(Vilfredo Pareto)\uff0c\u57281906\u5e74\u89c0\u5bdf\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u767c\u73fe20%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u537b\u64c1\u670980%\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6731\u862d(Joseph M. Juran)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u5e15\u96f7\u6258\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u5ee3\u6cdb\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3\"><\/span>\u56db\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u60f3&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684(\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u80cc\u666f)<br>1789\u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u61f2\u7f70\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u91cf\u6b0a\u592a\u5927\u3002\u4e14\u76db\u884c\u5211\u6c42\u53d6\u4f9b\u3001\u5f37\u8feb\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u7f6a\u7684\u8fa6\u6848\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5211\u7f70\u592a\u904e\u65bc\u56b4\u53b2\u3001\u6b98\u9177(\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u97ad\u5211\u3001\u70d9\u5370\u3001\u653e\u9010\u3001\u706b\u5211\uff0c\u6bba\u982d\u53ca\u80a2\u9ad4\u5211\u7b49)\u7955\u5bc6\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6a19\u6e96\u53ca\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u50c5\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u8ad6\u300d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u53c8\u7a31\u5211\u6cd5\u5b78\u6d3e\u3001\u5211\u7f70\u57f7\u884c\u5b78\u6d3e\u6216\u884c\u653f\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u6d3e\u3002<br>\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5(\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e)<br>\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u5275\u59cb\u8005\u70ba\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b78\u8005\u8c9d\u52a0\u5229\u4e9e\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u908a\u6c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f37\u8abf\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u61c9\u5e73\u8861\u800c\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u4e0d\u61c9\u4ee5\u6b98\u5fcd\u800c\u516c\u958b\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u65b9\u5f0f\u6050\u5687\u4eba\u5011\u5b88\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u63a1\u53d6\u8f03\u6eab\u548c\u800c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u8ff0\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a<br>\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<br>\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u53ca\u9078\u64c7\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>\u4eab\u6a02\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u662f\u8da8\u5409\u907f\u51f6\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u6703\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\u4e4b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u5211\u7f70\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u5236\u8a02\u61f2\u7f70\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<br>\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a&nbsp;<br>\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4f86\u9078\u64c7\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u5b88\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u5176\u9700\u8981\u6216\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f03\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f03\u5c11\u529f\u592b\u7372\u5f97\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002<br>\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u8a72\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u53ca\u61f2\u7f70\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u53ca\u61f2\u7f70\u6108\u78ba\u5b9a\u6108\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u6108\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u72af\u7f6a\u6210\u70ba\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u6216\u503c\u56de\u7968\u50f9\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<br>\u56e0\u6b64\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u5b78\u6d3e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff1a\u5047\u82e5\u4e0d\u53d7\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5236\u8861\uff0c\u4eba(\u7121\u8ad6\u7537\u5973)\u90fd\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002<br>\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7d93\u904e\u7d04200\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5b78\u6d3e\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5a01\u5687\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6703\u904b\u7528\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8981\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6703\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u61f2\u7f70\u4e4b\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u300d\u53bb\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5247\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u85c9\u8457\u8aaa\u670d\u6f5b\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u53bb\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u800c\u6392\u9664\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<br>\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565<br>\u4e00\u822c\u5687\u963b\u7b56\u7565<br>\u7279\u6b8a\u5687\u963b\u7b56\u7565<br>\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u7981\u7b56\u7565(\u9694\u96e2\u7b56\u7565)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8c%e6%83%85%e5%a2%83%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e3%80%8d\"><\/span>\u4e94\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u300d&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632(Situational Crime Prevention)<br>\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7531\u7d10\u66fc\u65bc1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u9632\u885b\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u8457\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u964d\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u57281971\u5e74\uff0c\u5091\u4f5b\u5229\u53c8\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u300c\u900f\u904e\u74b0\u5883\u8a2d\u8a08\u4ee5\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u300d\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u64f4\u5145\u4e86\u7d10\u66fc\u9632\u885b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5230\u4e861997\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u51fa\u7248\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u300d\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u7d71\u6574\u4e86\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6(\u8a31\u6625\u91d1.2007)\uff0c\u7d71\u6574\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u963216\u7a2e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5230\u4e862003\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u300d\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u7d71\u6574\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u963225\u7a2e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u6574\u9ad4\u7b56\u7565<br>\u8cbb\u723e\u905c(Marcus Felson)\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u5340\u300d\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\ue0c6\u7d71\u4e00\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5b78\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5b78\u751f\u4f55\u6642\u61c9\u5728\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u4f55\u6642\u662f\u9003\u5b78\u3002\ue0c7\u5b78\u6821\u8981\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u9003\u5b78\u4e4b\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\ue0c8\u653e\u5b78\u5f8c\u5c07\u5b78\u751f\u7559\u7f6e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e4b\u76e3\u7763\u3002\ue0c9\u5b78\u7ae5\u5728\u6821\u5403\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u96e2\u6821\u6216\u81f3\u5546\u5bb6\u904a\u73a9\u3002\ue0ca\u6821\u5340\u8207\u8cfc\u7269\u5340\u61c9\u5206\u9694\u3002\ue0cb\u623f\u5b50\u4e4b\u5efa\u9020\u61c9\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u9632\u885b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5916\u4eba\u4e0d\u6613\u9032\u5165\u3002\ue0cc\u9f13\u52f5\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u8981\u5e38\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f7c\u6b64\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u3002<br>\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u985e\u578b\u72af\u7f6a<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a<br>\u4fc2\u6307\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u8f03\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e14\u5e38\u8a2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u4fc3\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u74b0\u5883\u52a0\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4ffe\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5831\u916c\u53ca\u964d\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<br>\u4e3b\u8981\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<br>\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u6b8a\u6216\u500b\u5225\u72af\u7f6a\u5f62\u614b\u3002<br>\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u64cd\u7e31\u7ba1\u7406\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002<br>\u964d\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u72af\u7f6a\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<br>\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565<br>2003\u5e74\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u51fa\u7248\u7d71\u6574\u4e86\u60c5\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<br>\u589e\u52a0\u72af\u7f6a\u963b\u529b\uff1a\u5f37\u5316\u6a19\u7684\u7269\u3001\u7ba1\u5236\u901a\u9053\u53e3\u3001\u904e\u6ffe\u5165\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u8f49\u79fb\u5acc\u7591\u72af\u3001\u7ba1\u5236\u69cd\u68b0\u3002<br>\u589e\u52a0\u72af\u7f6a\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a\u64f4\u5145\u76e3\u63a7\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u7136\u76e3\u63a7\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u6b63\u5f0f\u76e3\u63a7\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u533f\u540d\u3001\u8077\u54e1\u4e92\u52a9\u3002<br>\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u8a98\u56e0\uff1a\u85cf\u533f\u6a19\u7684\u7269\u3001\u79fb\u9664\u6a19\u7684\u7269\u3001\u8ca1\u7269\u8b58\u5225\u3001\u6417\u4e82\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u5229\u76ca\u3002<br>\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u523a\u6fc0\uff1a\u6e1b\u7de9\u632b\u6298\u8207\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u907f\u514d\u722d\u5435\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u60c5\u7dd2\u6311\u9017\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u540c\u5115\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u907f\u514d\u6a21\u4eff\u3002\ue0ca\u79fb\u9664\u72af\u7f6a\u85c9\u53e3\uff1a\u8a02\u5b9a\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u656c\u544a\u5b88\u5247\u3001\u6fc0\u767c\u826f\u5fc3\u3001\u5354\u52a9\u9075\u5b88\u898f\u5247\u3001\u7ba1\u5236\u85e5\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u516d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u8ff0 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class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d<br>\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u4eba\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>\u6839\u64da\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u5b88\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u986f\u7136\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u885d\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7d04\u675f\u300d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7d04\u675f\u300d\u6c92\u6709\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u7834\u788e\u6216\u5f31\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u5373\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002<br>\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff1a<br>\u6211\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u8a31\u6625\u91d1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u5927\u985e\u578b\uff1a<br>\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5211\u7f70\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6a5f\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u300d\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u5747\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a<br>\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u617e\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u793e\u6703\u9677\u5165\u7d1b\u4e82\u81ea\u6240\u96e3\u514d\u3002<br>\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u50be\u5411\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u8da8\u6a02\u907f\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u7136\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u5171\u901a\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6(\u6216\u7d9c\u5408\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6)\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u53ef\u4e92\u63db\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u7121\u6240\u8b02\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7fd2\u6216\u5c08\u7cbe\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>\u5747\u662f\u8aaa\u660e\u5b88\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u7121\u9700\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u800c\u5b88\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u624d\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6a19\u7684\u3002<br>\u65e2\u4f7f\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4eba\u4ecd\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u6613\u884c\u524e\u90a3\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u524e\u90a3\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9asampson-%e5%8f%8alaub%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e9%80%90%e7%b4%9a%e5%b9%b4%e9%bd%a1%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e3%80%8d\"><\/span>\u516b\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1aSampson \u53caLaub\u7684\u300c\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u7406\u8ad6\u300d&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u6db5<br>\u6851\u666e\u68ee\u548c\u52de\u4f2f\u65bc1993\u5e74\u5c0d\u683c\u9b6f\u514b\u592b\u5a66\u65bc1939\u5e74\u8d77\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u975e\u884c\u7e31\u8cab\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u500b\u6848\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u4ee5\u6574\u7406\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u300c\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\uff1a<br>\u7d50\u69cb\u8b8a\u9805(\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u7b49)\u900f\u904e\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u7d50\u69cb\u8b8a\u9805\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u300c\u8abf\u548c\u6027(\u9593\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528)\u300d\u3002<br>\u5c11\u5e74(\u5152\u7ae5)\u6642\u671f\u7684\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u578b\u614b(\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5438\u7159\u3001\u9157\u9152\u7b49)\u5ef6\u7e8c\u81f3\u6210\u5e74\u6642\u671f\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5152\u7ae5\u6642\u671f\u81f3\u6210\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u5176\u300c\u5ef6\u7e8c\u6027\u300d\u3002<br>\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u50be\u5411\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead(\u5a5a\u59fb)\u8207\u5c31\u696d\u300d\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6210\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e4b\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u5373\u6210\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9375\u5f37\uff0c\u5247\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4f4e\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5176\u65e9\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u60c5\u6cc1\u5982\u4f55\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u5176\u300c\u6539\u8b8a\u6027\u300d\u3002<br>\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u7406\u8ad6\u65b0\u8fd1\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55(2003\u5e74\u6301\u7e8c\uff0f\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u7406\u8ad6)<br>\u6851\u666e\u68ee\u548c\u52de\u4f2f\u64f4\u5145\u4fee\u6b63\u4e861993\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u9010\u7d1a\u5e74\u9f61\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u65bc2003\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6301\u7e8c\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u547d\u968e\u6bb5\u6301\u7e8c\u72af\u7f6a\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br>\u589e\u52a0transitions\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u4e8b\u4ef6(\u793e\u6703\u6295\u8cc7)\uff1a\u5a5a\u59fb(\u914d\u5076)\u3001\u8ecd\u968a\u670d\u5f79\u3001\u77ef\u6b63\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u9130\u88e1\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002(\u9014\u5f91\u6216\u8f49\u6298\u9ede)<br>\u589e\u52a03\u500b\u751f\u547d\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u8108\u7d61\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u3002<br>\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u56db\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a<br>\u6851\u666e\u68ee\u548c\u52de\u4f2f(Sampson &amp; Laub)\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u8005\u5c07\u6301\u7e8c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5f37\u8abf\u7121\u8ad6\u65e9\u671f\u72af\u7f6a\u50be\u5411\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u4e43\u5728\u65bc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u500b\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u5747\u6703\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a<br>\u5207\u65b7\u904e\u53bb\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u76e3\u7763\u6216\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u652f\u63f4\u548c\u6210\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<br>\u6539\u8b8a\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u578b\u614b\u3002<br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<br>\u6851\u666e\u68ee\u548c\u52de\u4f2f(Sampson &amp; Laub)\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u300c\u6539\u904e\u9077\u5584\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u56db\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u7f6a\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u767c\u751f\u3002<br>\u4f46\u662f\u6851\u666e\u68ee\u548c\u52de\u4f2f\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6a5f\u5236\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\ue063\u500b\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\uff0c\u53ca\ue064\u9152\u7cbe\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u9577\u671f\u6feb\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b9%9d%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e6%ad%b7%e7%a8%8b%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96%e8%88%87%e6%bd%9b%e5%9c%a8%e7%89%b9%e8%b3%aa%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u4e5d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u5404\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e2d\u6b62\u8207\u6301\u7e8c<br>\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7279\u8cea\u89c0\u9ede(latent traits view)<br>\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7279\u8cea\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u7279\u8cea\u5fb5\u5019(\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7279\u8cea)\uff0c\u6b64\u9805\u7279\u8cea\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5373\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u5b78\u8005Aichorn\u5728\u7a0d\u65e9\u63d0\u53ca\u4e4b\u6f5b\u4f0f\u6027\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u5b69\u6210\u9577\u671f\u9593\u70ba\u5176\u975e\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u8ffd\u6c42\u9038\u6a02\u4e4b\u50be\u5411\u6240\u8ff7\u5931\uff0c\u99d5\u6291\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u9805\u672a\u7d93\u8b49\u5be6\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7279\u8cea\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u53e6\u986f\u793a\u6b64\u9805\u7279\u8cea\u4ee5\u4f4e\u667a\u5546\u3001\u885d\u52d5\u6027\u4e4b\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u795e\u7d93\u554f\u984c\u7b49\u8f03\u5177\u95dc\u9375\u3002<br>\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u4e2d\u4ee5Gottfredson \u8207Hirschi\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f35\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u5177\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\u7279\u8cea\u8207\u4f4e\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u8f03\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u985e\u7279\u8cea\u50be\u5411\u5177\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u9031\u671f\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u5f37\u8abf\u5c11\u5e74\u6210\u9577\u968e\u6bb5\u4e0d\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u539f\u56e0(\u542b\u53c3\u8207\u6642\u9593\u3001\u983b\u7387\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u6027)\u986f\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br>\u751f\u6d3b\u9031\u671f\u89c0\u9ede(life course view)<br>\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u5982\u4f55\u8087\u59cb\u8207\u6301\u7e8c\uff1f\u6b64\u6d3e\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u767c\u751f\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u91cd\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u96a8\u8457\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u6210\u9577\u800c\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u504f\u5dee\u8207\u72af\u884c\u4ea6\u8ddf\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u983b\u50b3\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u4e4b\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u6210\u5e74\u72af\u3002\u800c\u5b78\u696d\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u826f\u3001\u5e38\u8207\u975e\u884c\u540c\u5115\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u5e38\u81f3\u8072\u8272\u5834\u6240\u6d88\u8cbb\u3001\u9ad8\u983b\u7387\u63a5\u89f8\u66b4\u529b\u5a92\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u7b49\u4ea6\u70ba\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5c11\u5e74\u8d70\u5411\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u578b\u614b\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br>\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78Thornberry\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5c0dRochester \u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u8ffd\u8e64\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u521d(\u65e9)\u671f\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u4fc3\u59cb\u5c11\u5e74\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u9023\u7d50\u4e4b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u7576\u5c11\u5e74\u96a8\u8457\u6b72\u6708\u4e4b\u6210\u9577\u800c\u8da8\u65bc\u6210\u719f\u8d70\u5411\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f\u6642\uff0c\u53cb\u4f34\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u53ca\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u5c11\u5e74\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u53c3\u8003\u8b8a\u9805\u3002\u800c\u7576\u5c11\u5e74\u9032\u5165\u6210\u5e74\u5176\u6642\uff0c\u5d84\u65b0\u4e4b\u8b8a\u9805\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u5949\u737b\u7b49\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7e6b\u5e36\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u5247\u7522\u751f\u5be6\u8cea\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u76f8\u540c\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655<br>\u5169\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6709\u4f55\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u8655<br>\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5747\u5c6c\u767c\u5c55\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e14\u5747\u8a8d\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u751f\u6daf\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u9023\u7d50\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5373\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u751f\u6daf\u6709\u8de1\u53ef\u5faa\u3002<br>\u5169\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655<br>\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u767c\u751f\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u91cd\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u96a8\u8457\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u6210\u9577\u800c\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u4e4b\u504f\u5dee\u8207\u72af\u884c\u4ea6\u8ddf\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<br>\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6f5b\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u6703\u96a8\u5e74\u9f61\u589e\u9577\u800c\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u65bc\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f(14-17 \u6b72)\u4ee5\u5f8c\u8da8\u65bc\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8b8a\u5316\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u7576\u4e2d\u5176\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u6027\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u6613\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e8%8a%9d%e5%8a%a0%e5%93%a5%e5%ad%b8%e6%b4%be%e8%88%87%e9%9b%86%e9%ab%94%e6%95%88%e8%83%bd%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u5341\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b78\u6d3e\u8207\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaw and McKay\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u8207\u9ad8\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u6709\u9ad8\u95dc\u806f\u6027<br>\u856d\u8207\u99ac\u51f1\u6839\u64da\u6d3e\u514b\u8207\u67cf\u683c\u65af\u7684\u540c\u5fc3\u5713\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5340\u57df\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u856d\u8207\u99ac\u51f1\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u500b\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u5340\u57df\u76f8\u95dc\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u4eba\u53e3\u7d44\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b&nbsp;<br>\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u571f\u5730\u591a\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4f4e\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<br>\u4eba\u53e3\u7d44\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<br>\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u5340\u89e3\u7d44\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u63a7\u5236\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002<br>Shaw and McKay\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u9ad8\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0<br>\u856d\u8207\u99ac\u51f1\u8a8d\u70ba\u90fd\u5e02\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5546\u696d\u5340\u7269\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u4eba\u53e3\u7d50\u69cb\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8f49\u578b\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4eba\u53e3\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u6587\u5316\u89e3\u9ad4\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6a19\u6e96\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a72\u5340\u7684\u9010\u6f38\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5340\u57df\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u7d44\u7e54\u89e3\u9ad4\u3002\u5340\u57df\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u65b7\u4e86\uff0c\u9130\u91cc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u50b3\u905e\u4e4b\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u529f\u6548\u5927\u70ba\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u8f49\u578b\u5340\u57df\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89e3\u7d44\uff0c\u662f\u9020\u6210\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br>Sampson\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5730\u5340\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u73fe\u8c61&nbsp;<br>Sampson\u65bc2006\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u300c\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002Sampson\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u793e\u5340\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u55aa\u5931\u7684\u793e\u5340\u300d\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u521d\u7d1a\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2<br>(\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u53cb\u4f34\u3001\u89aa\u65cf\u7b49)\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5efa\u69cb\u826f\u597d\u793e\u6703\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u7dad\u7e6b\u7576\u5730\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u6eff\u8db3\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5171\u901a\u9858\u671b\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u6307\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u89e3\u7d44\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff1a\u793e\u5340\u5167\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u9023\u7d50\u300d\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u6216\u65b7\u88c2\u7684\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u6216\u9810\u9632\u500b\u4e4b\u504f\u5dee\u6216\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6291\u5236\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u63ee\u4e86<br>\u300e\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u300f\u3002\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u5169\u9805\u6307\u6a19\u4e0a\uff1a\ue063\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4e92\u52a9\uff1b\ue064\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5171\u540c\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4e26\u5316\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u793e\u5340\u5167\u5c45\u6c11\u5c0d\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u6709\u5171\u540c\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4e26\u8d77\u8eab\u7dad\u8b77\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u6703\u898b\u7fa9\u52c7\u70ba\uff0c\u7cfe\u6b63\u5931\u5e8f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u300d\u662f\u6307\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u5340\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u554f\u984c(\u5982\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u7b49)\u5c45\u6c11\u80fd\u8d77\u8eab\u5171\u540c\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u4e14\u793e\u5340\u5718\u7d50\u3001\u4e92\u52a9\u8207\u4e92\u4fe1\u7b49\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6291\u5236\u504f\u5dee\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u7b49\u3002<br>Sampson\u91dd\u5c0d\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e02\u7684343\u500b\u9130\u91cc\u793e\u53408,782\u540d\u5c45\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u6392\u9664\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u97ff\u8b8a\u9805(\u5982\uff1a\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7b49)\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u5fb5(\u5982\uff1a\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u53ca\u623f\u5c4b\u64c1\u6709\u7387\u7b49)\u5f8c\uff0c\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u8207\u4f4e\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u6709\u95dc\uff1b\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6bba\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u7d71\u8a08\u6216\u5c45\u6c11\u81ea\u9673\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u88ab\u5bb3\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c6\u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u5176\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u5747\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002<br>Sampson(2012)\u6700\u5f8c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u9130\u91cc\u300d\u4ecd\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u6027\u53ca\u79fb\u6c11\u7b49\u3002\u65e2\u4f7f\u5168\u570b\u6027\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u6216\u8da8\u5411(\u5982\uff1a\u5931\u696d)\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e1b\u4f4e\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002(\u8a31\u6625\u91d1,2013,381-382)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e8%a2%ab%e5%ae%b3%e8%80%85%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e9%ab%94%e7%b3%bb%e8%88%87%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9%e5%bc%8f%e6%ad%a3%e7%be%a9\"><\/span>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8207\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u53f8\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300d(Victim Justice System)\u4e4b\u610f\u7fa9&nbsp;<br>\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u4e26\u7121\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u77ef\u6cbb\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u6216\u5176\u89aa\u65cf(kins)\u81ea\u884c\u8655\u7406\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u6b63\u7fa9\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300d\u3002\u800c\u8655\u7406\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5831\u61c9\u300d\u6216\u300c\u88dc\u511f\u300d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u516c\u51432000\u5e74\u524d\u4e4b\u6f22\u6469\u62c9\u6bd4\u6cd5\u5178\u53ca\u7f85\u99ac\u6cd5\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff1a\u4ee5\u88dc\u511f\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u800c\u9054\u5230\u5831\u61c9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br>\u4f55\u8b02\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5(Restorative Justice) \uff1a<br>Braithwaite\u5c0d\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6cbb\u7642\u5275\u50b7\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u50f9\u503c\u67b6\u69cb\u5167\u7cfe\u6b63\u9019\u7a2e\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300d\u3002<br>\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d(Restorative Justice)\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u6db5&nbsp;<br>Braithwaite\u5c0d\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6cbb\u7642\u5275\u50b7\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u50f9\u503c\u67b6\u69cb\u5167\u7cfe\u6b63\u9019\u7a2e\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300d\u3002\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5167\u6db5 (\u4e3b\u5f35\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u9ede)\uff1a<br>\u4ee5\u300c\u793e\u6703\u300d\u3001\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u4ef6<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u56de\u5fa9\u640d\u5bb3\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3001\u56de\u5fa9\u640d\u5bb3\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u5275\u50b7\u800c\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u5275\u5efa\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u300c\u548c\u5e73\u53ca\u798f\u7949\u300d<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u5c0b\u6c42\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u53ca\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53c3\u8207\u4fee\u5fa9\u53ca\u6cbb\u7642<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5834\u57df\u5728\u793e\u5340<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u76ee\u6a19&nbsp;<br>\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u516d\u5927\u76ee\u6a19\u4f9d\u6b21\u70ba \uff1a\ue1be\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u7fa9\u3001\ue1bf\u5713\u6eff\u7d50\u679c\u3001\ue1c0\u8ce6\u6b0a\u6388\u80fd\u3001\ue1c1\u518d\u6574\u5408(reintegration)\u3001\ue1c2\u4fee\u5fa9\u3001\ue1c3\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u539f\u3002<br>\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u64d4\u4efb\u7684\u89d2\u8272&nbsp;<br>\u8f49\u4ecb\u8005\u3002<br>\u5411\u52a0\/\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53c3\u4e88\u8005\u89e3\u91cb\u4f55\u8b02\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<br>\u4fc3\u6210\u6216\u53c3\u4e88\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u3002<br>\u63a1\u7528\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89e3\u6c7a\u8857\u982d\u7d1b\u722d\u3002<br>\u76e3\u7763\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u4e26\u544a\u77e5\u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9055\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<br>\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b93\u8b66\u5bdf\u80fd\u5be6\u65bd\u300c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u8b66\u653f(Restorative Policing)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u300c\u9752\u5e74\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u6cd5\u6848\u300d\u7279\u5225\u589e\u52a0\u8b66\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u53c3\u8207\u8f49\u4ecb\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u6216\u8b66\u5bdf\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e3b\u6301\u4fee\u5fa9\u5f0f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8b66\u5bdf\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u5e73\u7dad\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%90%b5%e4%b8%89%e8%a7%92crime-triangle\"><\/span>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2(Crime Triangle)&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u4e43\u74b0\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u4e4b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<br>\u5b78\u8005Clarke &amp; Eck\u65bc2003\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u74b0\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\u5373\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u4e4b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5373\u70ba\u300c\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u542b\u300c\u4e09\u89d2\u5167\u74b0\u300d\u8207\u300c\u4e09\u89d2\u5916\u74b0\u300d\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u7684\u5167\u74b0\u5167\u6db5\uff1a<br>\u6b64\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u4e4b\u5167\u74b0\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ecP-O-V\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\uff1aP(place)\u662f\u6307\u5834\u6240\uff1bO(offender)\uff0c\u6307\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\uff1bV(victim)\u6307\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u6216\u72af\u7f6a\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ca1\u7269\u3001\u6c7d\u6a5f\u8eca\u3001\u5efa\u7269\u7b49\u3002<br>\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u5167\u74b0\u5f15\u767c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a<br>\u9019\u4e09\u9805\u56e0\u7d20\u805a\u5408\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a(\u6216\u88ab\u5bb3)\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96a8\u5373\u767c\u751f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u4e26\u975e\u96a8\u6a5f\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u548c\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8655\u6240\u4e0b\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5373\u6703\u767c\u751f\u3002<br>\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u4e4b\u5916\u74b0\u5167\u6db5\uff1a<br>\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u4e4b\u5916\u74b0\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u8db3\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5167\u74b0\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u64da\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u4e4b\u63a7\u5236\u6642\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u5f9e\u800c\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5176\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u300c\u9632\u885b\u8005\u300d(guardians)\uff1a\u6307\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba(\u6216\u6a19\u7684)\u4e4b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\uff1a\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u3001\u8ca1\u7269\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3001\u9130\u5c45\u3001\u4fdd\u5168\u8b66\u885b\u7b49\u5747\u5c6c\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u300d(managers)\uff1a\u6307\u5247\u70ba\u5c0d\u8a72\u5834\u6240\u61c9\u8ca0\u7ba1\u7406\u8cac\u4efb\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u65c5\u9928\u6216\u5546\u5bb6\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u5927\u5ec8\u5efa\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u7b49\u3002<br>\u300c\u76e3\u7763\u8005\u300d(handlers)\uff1a\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u7387\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e4b\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u5047\u91cb\u5b98\u54e1\u3001\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u7b49\u3002<br>\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u7406\u8ad6\u555f\u767c\uff1a<br>\u5f9e\u72af\u7f6a\u9435\u4e09\u89d2\u89c0\u9ede\u4ee5\u8ad6\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u7de3\u7121\u6545\u800c\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4f86\u6709\u81ea\uff1b\u4ea6\u5373\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e4b\u4eba\u3001\u6613\u65bc\u88ab\u5bb3\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u4ee5\u76e3\u63a7\u3001\u64cd\u63a7\u4e4b\u5834\u6240\u7b49\u4e09\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u624d\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6545\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4e4b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5167\u74b0\u8207\u5916\u74b0\u4e4b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u898f\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%b0%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u69cb\u6210\u7406\u8ad6<br>Felson\u548c Clarke\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u69cb\u6210\uff1a\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u578b\u614b\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u9078\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u5747\u96b1\u542b\u6709\u300c\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u72af\u7f6a\u578b\u614b\u53ca\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u65b0\u6a5f\u6703\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u5167\u6db5\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u8207\u6a5f\u6703\u768410\u9805(\u6b21)\u539f\u5247\uff1a<br>\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u767c\u751f\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u5167\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u6703\u56e0\u72af\u7f6a\u578b\u614b\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u71b1\u9b27\u8857\u982d\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u6252\u7aca\u800c\u4e0d\u6613\u767c\u751f\u6bba\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5373\u72af\u7f6a\u71b1\u9ede\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6252\u7aca\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u4eba\u6f6e\u64c1\u64e0\u7684\u706b\u8eca\u7ad9\u6709\u95dc\u3002<br>\u4e00\u500b\u72af\u7f6a\u6703\u884d\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4f\u5b85\u7aca\u76dc\u6050\u6703\u7d50\u5408\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<br>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u71b1\u9580\u8eca\u7a2e\u662f\u8d13\u7269\u5e02\u5834\u71b1\u9580\u7269\u54c1\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u6703\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7db2\u8def\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u800c\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u623f\u5c4b\u4e0a\u9396\u3002<br>\u6e1b\u5c11\u6a5f\u6703\u901a\u5e38\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u52d9\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u6a5f\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u72af\u7f6a\u79fb\u8f49\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<br>\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u6703\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76ee\u524d\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\u8857\u9053\u88dd\u8a2d\u76e3\u8996\u5668\uff0c\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u9664\u9810\u9632\u7aca\u76dc\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5354\u52a9\u50b7\u5bb3\u72af\u7f6a\u578b\u614b\u7684\u7834\u6848\u3002(\u5229\u76ca\u64f4\u6563)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%99%bd%e9%a0%98%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa\"><\/span>\u5341\u56db\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9<br>\u8607\u54f2\u862d(Edwin H. Sutherland)\u5c0d\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9&nbsp;<br>\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7121\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u78ba\u56b4\u8b39\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u8607\u54f2\u862d\u57281939\u5e74\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u5177\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8077\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u300d\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8857\u982d\u72af\u7f6a\u300d\u4f86\u5f97\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u8607\u54f2\u862d\u5805\u6301\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u50c5\u9055\u53cd\u5211\u6cd5\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u542b\u6c11\u6cd5\u8207\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u6240\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u5b9a\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5167\u6db5\u8fed\u6709\u66f4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u91cd\u8005\u4ecd\u4e0d\u812b\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u884c\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u8077\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u9055\u80cc\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u666e\u904d\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u537b\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8077\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u7406\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8207\u7d44\u7e54\u72af\u7f6a\u6700\u5927\u5340\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u5408\u6cd5\u8207\u975e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5206\u3002<br>\u7f8e\u570b\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57281996\u5e74\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u72af\u7f6a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5b9a\u7fa9&nbsp;<br>\u7f8e\u570b\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57281996\u5e74\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8077\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u4fe1\u8a17\u8cac\u4efb\u6216\u516c\u773e\u7684\u4fe1\u8a17\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u6709\u8a08\u756b\u8a50\u9a19\u6216\u975e\u502b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u986f\u7136\u6bd4Sutherland\u6e05\u6670\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u7834\u9664\u53ea\u6709\u9ad8\u968e\u7d1a\u8005\u624d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u66f4\u5177\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u77ad\u89e3\u7d93\u6fdf\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e5f\u5f37\u8abf\u7d93\u6fdf\u72af\u7f6a\u9055\u53cd\u4fe1\u8a17\u8cac\u4efb\u6216\u516c\u773e\u4fe1\u8a17\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u672c\u8cea\u3002<br>\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff1a&nbsp;<br>\u516c\u53f8\u72af\u7f6a(\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba)\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u70ba\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u70ba\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u8ca1\u52d9\u64cd\u7e31\u7b49\u3002<br>\u8077\u52d9\u72af\u7f6a(\u500b\u4eba)\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5408\u6cd5\u4e14\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u8077\u696d\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u63a9\u8b77\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u70ba\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u653f\u5e9c-\u4f01\u696d\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\uff1a\u91d1\u878d\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5167\u7dda\u4ea4\u6613\u8207\u79d1\u6280\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u6b64\u5916\u3001\u80a1\u5e02\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u9020\u5047\u5e33\u3001\u638f\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u7092\u4f5c\u80a1\u50f9\u3001\u9ed1\u5fc3\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u7092\u623f\u7092\u6a13\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u53ca\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u9b06\u6563\uff0c\u662f\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br>\u767d\u9818\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u7279\u6027<br>\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u8907\u96dc\u3002<br>\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\uff1a\u5e38\u8d85\u7269\u8cea\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u4fe1\u7528\u9055\u53cd\u300d\u3002<br>\u96b1\u5bc6\u6027\uff1a\u8490\u8b49\u4e0d\u6613\u3002<br>\u5c08\u696d\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u96fb\u8166\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u773e\u591a\uff1a\u5982\u5167\u7dda\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<br>\u667a\u6167\u6027\uff1a\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u72af\u7f6a\u591a\u7121\u9808\u667a\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u4f4e\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\uff1a\u50b3\u7d71\u72af\u7f6a(\u5982\u6bba\u4eba\u8005)\u5e38\u81ea\u89ba\u6b49\u759a\uff0c\u767d\u9818\u72af\u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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%89%e5%b1%a4%e6%ac%a1%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e9%a0%90%e9%98%b2%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f\"><\/span>\u5341\u516d\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Brantingham &amp; Faust\u7684\u4e09\u5c64\u6b21\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u75be\u75c5\u9810\u9632\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u5de8\u89c0\u7684\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e09\u5c64\u9810\u9632\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e26\u975e\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u9818\u57df\u539f\u5275\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4e43\u63f4\u5f15\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u9810\u9632\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u6210\u3002<br>Brantingham &amp; 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System)\u4e2d\u9577\u6709\u8166\u7624\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u7814\u7a76\u904b\u7528\u79fb\u690d\u624b\u8853\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u907a\u50b3\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\u4e4b\u6027\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u6216\u53bb\u9664\u8166\u7624\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u7528\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\u9069\u61c9\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u6e1b\u5c11\u518d\u72af\u3002<br>\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u56e0\u5206\u6ccc\u904e\u591a\u4e4b\u7537\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4fb5\u7565\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u7814\u7a76\u4e88\u4ee5\u6ce8\u5c04\u53cd\u7537\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4fb5\u7565\u653b\u64ca\u6027\u4e4b\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<br>\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u865e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7528\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u5176\u6e34\u671b\u4e4b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u8a2d\u8a08\u5065\u5168\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u7d50\u69cb\u4fc3\u5176\u9ad4\u8a8d\u4e0d\u72af\u7f6a\u6bd4\u72af\u7f6a\u6709\u5229\u3002<br>\u59a5\u5584\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u90fd\u5e02\u4e4b\u758f\u96e2\u611f\u3001\u9694\u95a1\u53ca\u96b1\u533f\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u4e4b\u7279\u5fb5\u6975\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6545\u5c07\u4f86\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u9810\u9632\u4ea6\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u90fd\u5e02\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u5118\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u969b\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<br>\u7531\u65bc\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u9ebb\u9189\u85e5\u54c1\u4e4b\u6feb\u7528\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4ea6\u61c9\u671d\u6b64\u65b9\u5411\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u9157\u9152\u53ca\u9ebb\u9189\u85e5\u4e4b\u6feb\u7528\u3002<br>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u52d9\u5fc5\u5c0d\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u53ca\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u5b78\u79d1\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u72af\u7f6a\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u5468\u906d\u4e4b\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u4f5c\u4e00\u79d1\u969b\u6574\u5408\u6027\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u7570\u8cea\u6027\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u624d\u80fd\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e7%a7%91%e6%81%a9cohen%e7%9a%84%e6%ac%a1%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u79d1\u6069(Cohen)\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u6069Cohen\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9<br>\u79d1\u6069Cohen\u7684\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u53c8\u7a31\u8eab\u4efd\u632b\u6298\u8207\u53cd\u61c9\u5f62\u6210\u7406\u8ad6\uff0cCohen\u96d6\u7136\u6279\u8a55Merton\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u4e43\u7d9c\u5408\u8607\u54f2\u862d\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u53caMerton\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002Merton\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u6a19\u5c0dCohen\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6e2c\u91cf\u6a19\u7aff\u300d\u3002<br>Cohen\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0f\u5b69\u90fd\u793e\u6703\u5316\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u6210\u7e3e\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6a19\u7aff\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u526f\u6587\u5316\u3002<br>\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4e43\u6307\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5c0d\u65bc\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0a\u7684\u632b\u6298\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u504f\u5dee\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002&nbsp;<br>\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u61c9\u6216\u5c0d\u6297\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5e6b\u6d3e(\u5718\u9ad4)\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u5c11\u5e74\u7121\u6cd5\u8d95\u4e0a\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6e96\u7e69\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u632b\u6298\u8207\u53cd\u61c9\u5f62\u6210\u3002<br>\u89e3\u6c7a\u632b\u6298\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<br>\u8857\u89d2\u5c0f\u5b69\uff1a\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u96d6\u5076\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u7d42\u6703\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u73fe\u5be6\u800c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u3002<br>\u9032\u53d6\u5c0f\u5b69(\u5927\u5b78\u5c0f\u5b69)\uff1a\u4e0d\u8cac\u5099\u3001\u4e0d\u653e\u68c4\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u537b\u52aa\u529b\u596e\u767c\uff0c\u7d42\u81f3\u6210\u529f\u3002<br>\u504f\u5dee\u5c0f\u5b69\uff1a\u5c0d\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u63a1\u53d6\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672a\u9054\u5230\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u64ab\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63a1\u53d6\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u504f\u5dee\u526f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u3002<br>Cohen\u8a8d\u70ba\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u526f\u6587\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u5e7e\u9805\uff1a<br>\u975e\u529f\u5229\u6027\uff1a\u72af\u7f6a\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7aca\u76dc\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4eab\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u69ae\u8000\u3001\u52c7\u6562\u548c\u6eff\u8db3\u800c\u5df2\u3002<br>\u90aa\u60e1\u6027\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u6050\u5687\u300c\u4e56\u5c0f\u5b69\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u64cd\u5834\u6216\u9ad4\u80b2\u9928\u8d95\u8d70\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u5632\u5f04\u6821\u898f\u3002<br>\u8ca0\u9762\u6027\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u7684\u975e\u529f\u5229\u6027\u548c\u90aa\u60e1\u6027\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u8ca0\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u4e0b\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u72af\u7f6a\u70ba\u4f55\u7269\u3002<br>\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u6027\u3002<br>\u5373\u6642\u4eab\u6a02\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u9060\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e26\u7121\u591a\u5927\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4eab\u6a02\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u500b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4ee5\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5e6b\u6d3e\u6700\u70ba\u9855\u8457\u3002<br>\u5718\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff1a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fcd\u53d7\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5e6b\u6d3e\u4efd\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7570\u5e38\u5718\u7d50\u548c\u7dca\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e6b\u6d3e\u9593\u537b\u5f7c\u6b64\u6f20\u8996\u3001\u6575\u8996\u6216\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u5c0d\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u76f8\u7576\u5177\u6709\u6297\u62d2\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e8%80%83%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%8b%e5%8b%9e%e6%b8%a5%e8%88%87%e5%a5%a7%e6%9e%97%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%ae%e5%88%a5%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u9ede\uff1a\u514b\u52de\u6e25\u8207\u5967\u6797\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u7fa9\uff1a(\u7dca\u5f35\u7406\u8ad6\u52a0\u4e0a\u6a5f\u6703\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u7406\u8ad6)<br>\u514b\u52de\u6e25\u548c\u5967\u6797(Cloward and Ohlin)\u65bc1960\u5e74\u5728\u300c\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u6a5f\u6703\u300d(Delinquency and Opportunity )\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Theory of Differential Opportunity)\u3002\u300c\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u662f\u5c07\u58a8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u8607\u54f2\u862d\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u63a5\u89f8\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u5408\u5f97\u6700\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002<br>\u514b\u52de\u6e25\u548c\u5967\u6797\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u58a8\u723e\u9813\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u624b\u6bb5\u5247\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4f4e\u5c64\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\u5dee\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u793e\u6703\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u63a1\u53d6\u975e\u6cd5\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u4f46\u514b\u52de\u6e25\u548c\u5967\u6797\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u6b64\u6642\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u53ef\u7372\u53d6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u300c\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u3002<br>\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5f62\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u767c\u8d77\u5c0d\u6297\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u8ca7\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6e1b\u4f4e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u3002&nbsp;<br>\u5dee\u5225\u6a5f\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a<br>\u4f4e\u968e\u5c64\u5c11\u5e74\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5c0b\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5167\u5fc3\u632b\u6298\u611f\u3002\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u578b\u614b(\u6216\u53c3\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6a5f\u6703)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u526f\u6587\u5316\u3002\u53d7\u632b\u5c11\u5e74\u5c07\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u72af\u7f6a\u985e\u578b\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5247\u7aef\u8cf4\u53d7\u632b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8207\u90a3\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u526f\u6587\u5316\u6709\u300c\u6a5f\u6703\u300d\u63a5\u89f8\u5b78\u7fd2\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u985e\u578b(\u4e09\u985e\u5e6b\u6d3e\u96c6\u5718(\u8521\u5fb7\u8f1d\u3001\u694a\u58eb\u9686\uff0c1997\uff1a103-105))\uff1a<br>\u72af\u7f6a\u6b21\u6587\u5316(\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u5718\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u578b\u5e6b\u6d3e)\uff1a<br>\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u7372\u53d6\u91d1\u9322\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6210\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u6280\u8853\u8001\u7df4\u8005\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u3002<br>\u885d\u7a81\u6b21\u6587\u5316(\u885d\u7a81\u96c6\u5718\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u578b\u5e6b\u6d3e)\uff1a&nbsp;<br>\u559c\u6b61\u68b0\u9b25\u6ecb\u4e8b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u5e6b\u6d3e\u3002\u5f37\u786c\u70ba\u5176\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u53ca\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u653b\u64ca\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u9000\u7e2e\u6b21\u6587\u5316(\u9003\u907f\u96c6\u5718\u3001\u9003\u907f\u578b\u5e6b\u6d3e)\uff1a<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u53ca\u975e\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u6545\u5c0b\u6c42\u85e5\u54c1(\u5982\u5f37\u529b\u81a0\u3001\u901f\u8cdc\u5eb7)\u4f86\u9003\u907f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6182\u616e\u3002<br>Merton\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u6cd5\u6a5f\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u6210\u529f\u537b\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800cCloward 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id=\"%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\"><\/span><strong>\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/judicialspecial?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=108%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2386_lulu_NA\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/judicialspecial?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=108%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2386_lulu_NA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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