{"id":2389,"date":"2021-06-23T11:41:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T03:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2389"},"modified":"2021-08-05T10:34:38","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T02:34:38","slug":"%e8%a7%80%e8%ad%b7%e4%ba%ba%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e6%b8%ac%e9%a9%97%e5%93%a1%e8%bc%94%e5%b0%8e%e5%93%a1%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e6%b8%ac%e9%a9%97-108%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2389","title":{"rendered":"\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57-\u9069\u7528\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u4e09\u7b49\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u54e1\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8f14\u5c0e\u54e1-\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8770942270b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 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href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2389\/#%e5%a3%b9%e3%80%81%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e9%87%8f%e5%b0%ba%e5%92%8c%e4%ba%94%e5%a4%a7%e6%8c%87%e6%a8%99%e9%9b%86%e4%b8%ad%e3%80%81%e5%88%86%e6%95%a3%e3%80%81%e5%81%8f%e5%92%8c%e5%b3%b0%e3%80%81%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d%e9%87%8f%e6%95%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%81%a9%e7%94%a8%e6%99%82%e6%a9%9f\" >\u58f9\u3001\u56db\u5927\u91cf\u5c3a\u548c\u4e94\u5927\u6307\u6a19(\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u5206\u6563\u3001\u504f\u548c\u5cf0\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4d\u91cf\u6578)\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6642\u6a5f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2389\/#%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-2-3-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e6%b8%ac%e9%a9%97%e3%80%91108%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u3011(108\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%a3%b9%e3%80%81%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e9%87%8f%e5%b0%ba%e5%92%8c%e4%ba%94%e5%a4%a7%e6%8c%87%e6%a8%99%e9%9b%86%e4%b8%ad%e3%80%81%e5%88%86%e6%95%a3%e3%80%81%e5%81%8f%e5%92%8c%e5%b3%b0%e3%80%81%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e5%9c%b0%e4%bd%8d%e9%87%8f%e6%95%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%81%a9%e7%94%a8%e6%99%82%e6%a9%9f\"><\/span>\u58f9\u3001\u56db\u5927\u91cf\u5c3a\u548c\u4e94\u5927\u6307\u6a19(\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u5206\u6563\u3001\u504f\u548c\u5cf0\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4d\u91cf\u6578)\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6642\u6a5f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u9ede\u63d0\u793a<br><br>\u56db\u5927\u91cf\u5c3a<br><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/5386e45a-ec40-4e14-8a48-ca92b67bbb5b.JPG\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e94\u5927\u6307\u6a19<br><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/dadd64ec-f37f-4a4e-ae22-75d8dd99cf27.JPG\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/444c7c63-f08d-4551-bf05-4e15f40d67a0.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88dc\u5145\u53ca\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4d\u91cf\u6578\u88dc\u5145<br>T\u91cf\u8868\u5206\u6578\uff1a<br>McCall\u65bc1922\u5e74\u5275\u7528\uff0c\u8207T\u5206\u6578\u4e00\u6a23\u70baT=10Z+50\uff0c\u4f46\u662fT\u91cf\u8868\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u76ee\u524dT\u91cf\u8868\u5206\u6578\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u6a19\u6e96\u5206\u6578\u3002<br>\u6a19\u6e96\u4e5d(stanine)\uff1a\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u7a7a\u8ecd\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c07\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6578\u5340\u5206\u6210\u4e5d\u7b49\u5206\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u4f9d\u5e8f\u70ba4\u30017\u300112\u300117\u300120\u300117\u300112\u30017\u30014\uff0c\u5171\u4e5d\u500b\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u70ba5\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u5927\u7d04\u70ba2\u3002<br>C\u91cf\u8868\u5206\u6578\uff1a\u7531Guilford\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c07\u6a19\u6e96\u4e5d\u7684\u4e8c\u7aef\uff0c\u5404\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f62\u62100\uff5e10\u7684\u6578\u503c\u3002<br>Sten\u5206\u6578\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u8207\u6a19\u6e96\u4e5d\u53caC\u91cf\u8868\u5206\u6578\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u5c07\u5206\u6578\u5206\u70ba10\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u5169\u908a\u5404\u5305\u542b5\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u6a19\u6e96\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u9664sten1\u820710\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u5206\u6578\u90fd\u6709\u534a\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\u3002<br>SP\u8868\uff5e(\u5f15\u81ea\u4f59\u6c11\u5be7\uff0c2015)<br>\u6240\u8b02S-P\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u4fc2\u6307\u82f1\u6587\u300cStudent(\u5b78\u751f)\u300d\u7684S\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300cProblem(\u554f\u984c)\u300d\u7684P\u3002\u4f50\u85e4\u9686\u535a\u65bc1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u5275\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u9673\u9a30\u7965\u6559\u6388(1983)\u4ecb\u7d39\u81f3\u570b\u5167\u3002<br>\u6240\u8b02\u7684S-P\u8868\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u53ca\u6bcf\u9053\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u53cd\u61c9\u7d44\u578b\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4efd\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4fc2\u6578\u548c\u540c\u8cea\u6027\u4fc2\u6578\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u6a19\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u6559\u5e2b\u8a3a\u65b7\u5b78\u751f\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u6e2c\u9a57\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u5373\u6559\u5b78\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6539\u9032\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u547d\u984c\u8207\u8f14\u5c0e\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u53c3\u8003\u3002<br>S-P\u91cf\u8868\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u4f5c\u7b54\u53cd\u61c9\u7d44\u578b\u300d(\u6307\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u67d0\u4efd\u6e2c\u9a57\u5377\u4e0a\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u4f5c\u7b54\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7531\u539f\u59cb\u4f5c\u7b54\u8cc7\u6599\u300e\u4e0d\u8ad6\u7b54\u5c0d\u6216\u7b54\u932f\u300f\u6240\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5411\u91cf)\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u4ee5\u5e7e\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u5316\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u8a3a\u65b7\u6216\u5224\u8b80\u8a72\u53cd\u61c9\u7d44\u578b\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u6216\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u9a57\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u6578\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u73ed\u7d1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/4dc73866-ade2-43dd-bdf9-2c29ad1cf4be.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u516d\u5927\u985e\u578b\uff08\u4f59\u6c11\u5be7\uff0c2011\uff09\uff0c\u8332\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a69\u5b9a\u578b\uff08A\u5340\uff09<br>\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a69\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u7a69\u5b9a\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u7e3e\u512a\u826f\u3001\u80fd\u5920\u5feb\u901f\u719f\u6089\u6559\u6750\u3001\u9054\u5230\u7cbe\u719f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u5c6c\u65bc\u73ed\u7d1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u597d\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u5c31\u9ad8\u3001\u8003\u8a66\u8868\u73fe\u6b63\u5e38\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002<br>\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u578b\uff08A&#8217;\u5340\uff09<br>\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u7a0d\u6b20\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ecd\u662f\u73ed\u7d1a\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8003\u8a66\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\uff0c\u6709\u6025\u8457\u6436\u5148\u4ea4\u5377\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u548c\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u7d93\u610f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<br>\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\uff08B\u5340\uff09<br>\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c1a\u7a31\u826f\u597d\u3001\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u5982\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a69\u5b9a\u578b\u300d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u5c6c\u65bc\u73ed\u7d1a\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u7528\u529f\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8003\u8a66\u6210\u7e3e\u4e0d\u5920\u7406\u60f3\u3002<br>\u6e96\u5099\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\uff08B&#8217;\u5340\uff09<br>\u6e96\u5099\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u6e96\u5099\u4e0d\u5920\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u5076\u723e\u4e5f\u6703\u7c97\u5fc3\u72af\u932f\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u8f03\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u7528\u529f\u4e0d\u8db3\u8207\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u5169\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\u3002<br><br>\u5b78\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\uff08C\u5340\uff09<br>\u5b78\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5b78\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0d\u5920\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u7528\u529f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u5c31\u504f\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u904e\u53bb\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5960\u5b9a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\u500d\u611f\u5403\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u9032\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<br>\u5b78\u7fd2\u7570\u5e38\u578b\uff08C&#8217;\u5340\uff09<br>\u5b78\u7fd2\u7570\u5e38\u578b\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u6975\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u96a8\u8208\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8003\u8a66\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u4e14\u96a8\u4fbf\u4f5c\u7b54\u3001\u76f2\u76ee\u731c\u984c\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8003\u8a66\u4f5c\u5f0a\uff0c\u8003\u8a66\u6210\u7e3e\u6642\u597d\u6642\u58de\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f5c\u7b54\u53cd\u61c9\u7d44\u578b\u76f8\u7576\u7570\u5e38\u3002<br>\u8a66\u984c\u7de8\u88fd\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u5927\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u8332\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u4f59\u6c11\u5be7\uff0c2011\uff09\uff1a<br>\u512a\u826f\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff08A\u5340\uff09<br>\u512a\u826f\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u8a66\u984c\u54c1\u8cea\u7279\u6027\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9451\u5225\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u64da\u6e2c\u9a57\u7de8\u88fd\u7684\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u9075\u5b88\u96d9\u5411\u7d30\u76ee\u8868\u53ca\u547d\u984c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6240\u547d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u512a\u826f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u984c\u5eab\u8490\u9304\u7684\u512a\u826f\u984c\u76ee\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<br>\u7570\u8cea\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff08A&#8217;\u5340\uff09<br>\u7570\u8cea\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u8a66\u984c\u54c1\u8cea\u7279\u6027\u70ba\u547d\u984c\u5df2\u5c40\u90e8\u9055\u53cd\u547d\u984c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u554f\u984c\u9084\u4e0d\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u50c5\u9808\u505a\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5373\u53ef\u3002<br>\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a66\u984c\uff08B\u5340\uff09<br>\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u8a66\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5340\u8fa8\u9ad8\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4f5c\u7b54\u3002<br>\u62d9\u52a3\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff08B&#8217;\u5340\uff09<br>\u62d9\u52a3\u578b\u8a66\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u8a66\u984c\u54c1\u8cea\u7279\u6027\u70ba\u547d\u984c\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u9055\u53cd\u547d\u984c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8003\u616e\u522a\u9664\u4e0d\u7528\u3002<br>\u61c9\u7528<br>\u5e38\u6a21<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9<br>\u5e38\u6a21(norm)\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6e2c\u9a57\u5206\u6578\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u50cf\u662f\u67d0\u751f\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u6e2c\u9a57\u7b54\u5c0d60\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u984c\u4e00\u5206\uff0c\u5247\u8a72\u751f\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6578\u70ba60\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5206\u6578\u7121\u6cd5\u8868\u9054\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6578\u8f49\u63db\u5f8c\uff0c\u548c\u5e38\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u73fe\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u624d\u5177\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<br>\u7a2e\u985e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/bceba190-ca9b-4b36-8bcf-9fbd96c527b3.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/7a69c1e7-cb01-401b-b535-552d41ebbb21.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/24eb06d4-f33f-4c7e-a188-b4c72af54a23.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/ae2cea82-c001-48c2-8427-2ae21639afc5.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/745bc933-f148-4230-84dd-f38e01ad9558.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/cec70cee-27f5-4c44-ada4-9d925c1e6a3a.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/97081397-c02f-44dd-9f48-29a4fb436a46.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/b71f25a9-f658-4972-b2ad-a5a10a66ae73.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/cc347977-7601-4a01-9d64-c35b3075319d.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/7902976a-e3f5-4be8-8962-b8d311f07dca.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/af3907b1-5e27-4f82-a43d-4f0b913f7b9c.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/1ac6be60-36b2-4b47-850c-2ad975593a5d.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/0367dd25-20fa-45fe-bd42-b9ebe9cbb7a2.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f0d\u3001\u7121\u6bcd\u6578\u548c\u5361\u65b9\u6aa2\u5b9a<br>\u91cd\u9ede\u63d0\u793a<br>\u7121\u6bcd\u6578<br>\u7121\u6bcd\u6578\u7279\u6027<br>\u7121\u6bcd\u6578\u7d71\u8a08\u8003\u9a57(nonparametric statistical test)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u9700\u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u6a23\u672c\u6240\u4f86\u81ea\u6bcd\u7fa4\u53c3\u6578\u4e4b\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u8003\u9a57\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5206\u914d\u9650\u5236\u7d71\u8a08\u6cd5\u300d(distribution-free method)\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u5927\u7279\u8cea\uff1a<br>\u4e0d\u53d7\u6bcd\u7fa4\u5206\u914d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<br>\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u540d\u7fa9\u8b8a\u6578\u3001\u6b21\u5e8f\u8b8a\u6578\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u8a08\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b\u7c21\u55ae\u3002<br>\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5c0f\u6a23\u672c\u60c5\u5883\u3002<br>\u6574\u7406\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/b62e089a-03ea-4037-8122-641aa1f127be.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5361\u65b9<br>\u5167\u6db5<br>\u5361\u65b9\u8003\u9a57\u7279\u5225\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u6b21\u6578\u3001\u4eba\u6578\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u9593\u65b7\u8b8a\u9805\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u8003\u9a57\u300c\u89c0\u5bdf\u6b21\u6578\u300d\u548c\u300c\u671f\u671b\u6b21\u6578\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u5426\u9054\u986f\u8457\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d71\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u7a2e\u985e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/550ab060-161a-4970-a8ef-ab70c52f01b8.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9678\u3001\u88dc\u5145<br>\u91cd\u9ede\u63d0\u793a<br>\u5fc3\u6e2c\u7406\u8ad6\u6bd4\u8f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img2.91mai.com\/o2o\/image\/1d6a1ba0-e6c0-4c64-baa0-d516d919dd28.JPG\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9805\u76ee\u5206\u6790<br>\u9805\u76ee\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6e2c\u9a57\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u53cd\u61c9\u6e2c\u9a57\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6e2c\u9a57\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u6548\u5ea6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u984c\u76ee\u7684\u9451\u5225\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u51fa\u512a\u826f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u984c\u5eab\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br>\u96e3\u5ea6(item difficulty)\uff1a<br>\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e8c\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f<br>\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6(P)<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u5168\u9ad4\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7b54\u5c0d\u6216\u901a\u904e\u8a72\u984c\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u300c\u8a66\u984c\u7684&nbsp; &nbsp;\u96e3\u5ea6\u300d\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u5bb9\u6613\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u70baP\u6108\u5927\u8868\u793a\u8a66\u984c\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7e3d\u5206\u9ad8\u4f4e\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5404\u53d6\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u53ca\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u4f4e\u768427%\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0cPH =\u9ad8\u5206\u7d44\u901a\u904e\u67d0\u984c\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff1bPL =\u4f4e\u5206\u7d44\u901a\u904e\u8a72\u984c\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u5247\u8a66\u984c\u96e3\u5ea6(P)\u7b49\u65bc<br>P=(PH +PL )\/2<br>\u70ba\u4f55\u53d627%\u9ad8\u4f4e\u5206\u7d44\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\uff1f\u56e0\u7576\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7e3d\u6e2c\u9a57\u5206\u6578\u7684\u5206\u914d\u662f\u5e38\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u53d6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u540427%\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6700\u597d\u7684P\u4f30\u8a08\u503c(Kelly ,1939)\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u53d6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u540410%\u523033%\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97P\u503c\u3002<br>\u96e3\u5ea6\u4ee5\u7b49\u8ddd\u91cf\u5c3a\u4f5c\u5206\u6790 \u25b3\uff1d4Z+13\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u57df\u7bc4\u570d\u57281\uff5e25\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u25b3\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u96e3\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<br>\u9451\u5225\u529b(item discrimination)<br>\u8a66\u984c\u9451\u5225\u529b\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f<br>\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027(internal consistency)\uff1a<br>\u6aa2\u9a57\u500b\u5225\u8a66\u984c\u8207\u6574\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9451\u5225\u529b\u7684\u8a66\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u6574\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6574\u9ad4\u6e2c\u9a57\u5206\u6578\u9ad8\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8981\u6bd4\u5206\u6578\u4f4e\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7b54\u5c0d\u67d0\u984c\u76ee\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u6790\u6216\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u03b1\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e8c\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u95dc\u6216\u9ede\u4e8c\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u95dc\u6216\u662f\u03a6\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u7e3d\u5206\u9ad8\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7b54\u5c0d\u67d0\u984c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u9ad8\u3002<br>\u8a66\u984c\u9451\u5225\u529b(D)\uff1a<br>\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u3001\u4f4e\u5206\u7d44\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5728\u500b\u5225\u8a66\u984c\u4e0a\u901a\u904e\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0cD\u6108\u5927\u8868\u793a\u8a66\u984c\u6108\u80fd\u9451\u5225\u51fa\u9ad8\u3001\u4f4e\u5206\u7d44\uff08\u524d27%\u548c\u5f8c27%\uff09\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u500b\u5225\u8a66\u984c\u8207\u6e2c\u9a57\u7e3d\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6108\u9ad8\u3002<br>D=PH \u2013PL<br>PH =\u9ad8\u5206\u7d44\u901a\u904e\u67d0\u984c\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<br>PL =\u4f4e\u5206\u7d44\u901a\u904e\u8a72\u984c\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c<br>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f9d\u7167D\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f86\u9078\u53d6\u8a66\u984c\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u539f\u5247\uff1a<br>D\u22670. 40 \u6b64\u984c\u975e\u5e38\u512a\u826f<br>0.30\u2266D\u22660.39 \u6b64\u984c\u826f\u597d,\u4fee\u6539\u66f4\u4f73<br>0. 20\u2266D\u22660.29 \u6b64\u984c\u5c1a\u53ef,\u4ecd\u9700\u4fee\u6539<br>D\u22660.19 \u6b64\u984c\u4e0d\u826f,\u5fc5\u9700\u4fee\u6539<br>\u8a98\u7b54\u529b(analysis of distraction)<br>\u9078\u64c7\u984c\u7684\u9451\u5225\u529b\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9078\u9805\u7684\u8a98\u7b54\u529b\u4e0d\u4f73\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u8a98\u7b54\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u61c9\u5728\u7e3d\u5206\u4f4e\u7684\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u78ba\u9078\u9805\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4eba\u6578\u4e0d\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u4e14\u7e3d\u5206\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5728\u8a72\u9078\u9805\u4eba\u6578\u4e0d\u5c11\u65bc\u7e3d\u5206\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u3002<br>\u7d50\u8ad6<br>\u6548\u5ea6\u7e2e\u6c34\uff08validity shrinkage\uff09<br>\u6709\u6642\u5019\u5728\u9032\u884c\u9805\u76ee\u5206\u6790\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u522a\u984c\u904e\u591a\u9020\u6210\u6e2c\u9a57\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6548\u5ea6\u7e2e\u6c34\u6216\u662f\u6a23\u672c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3001\u984c\u76ee\u6c92\u6709\u6e2c\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7279\u8cea\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>\u4ea4\u53c9\u9a57\u8b49\uff08cross validation\uff09<br>\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u5236\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8b93\u65b0\u7de8\u5236\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u65bd\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u6548\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u3002<br>\u9805\u76ee\u504f\u5dee\uff08item 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e7%9c%8b%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\"><\/span><strong>\u770b\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/judicialspecial?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=108%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2389_lulu_NA\" data-type=\"URL\" 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