{"id":2714,"date":"2021-07-21T14:37:24","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T06:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714"},"modified":"2021-08-03T15:23:08","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T07:23:08","slug":"%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96-109%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9d%e5%88%ba-%e9%80%99%e4%ba%9b%e8%a7%80%e5%bf%b5%e4%bd%a0%e7%a2%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714","title":{"rendered":"\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56-\u9069\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u8003\u8a66(\u5916\u8ecc)\u4e09\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1-\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8771656cf4a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a8771656cf4a\"  aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e3%80%90%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e3%80%91109%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\" >\u3010\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3011(109\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%a3%b9%e3%80%81%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e5%88%86%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e8%a6%81%e9%a0%98\" >\u58f9\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6e96\u5099\u8981\u9818<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e8%b2%b3%e3%80%81%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e\" >\u8cb3\u3001\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%80-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e00:\u653f\u7b56\u653f\u6cbb\u985e\u578b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%ba%8c-%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%88%87%e8%a6%8f%e7%af%84%e6%80%a7%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e8c:\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%89-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%88%a9%e5%ae%b3%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e09:\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e5%9b%9b-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e8%ad%b0%e7%a8%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u56db:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%ba%94-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88%e5%8f%af%e8%a1%8c%e6%80%a7%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%88%87%e5%af%a6%e4%be%8b%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e94:\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8207\u5be6\u4f8b\u61c9\u7528<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e5%85%ad-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e3%80%8c%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%8a%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8b%e3%80%8d%e3%80%81%e3%80%8c%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%8b%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8a%e3%80%8d%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e9%80%94%e5%be%91%e4%b9%8b%e6%af%94%e8%bc%83\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u516d:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u300c\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u9014\u5f91\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%83-%e5%9b%9e%e6%87%89%e7%9a%84%e2%94%80%e5%bb%ba%e6%a7%8b%e6%80%a7%e8%a9%95%e4%bc%b0%e9%81%8e%e7%a8%8b\" >\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e03:\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u2500\u5efa\u69cb\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u904e\u7a0b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2714\/#%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e3%80%91109%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u3011(109\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%a3%b9%e3%80%81%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e5%88%86%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e8%a6%81%e9%a0%98\"><\/span>\u58f9\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6e96\u5099\u8981\u9818<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5f9e\u6b77\u5e74\u8b66\u7279\u4e09\u7b49\u53ca\u683c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u5404\u79d1\u5206\u6578\u89c0\u5bdf,\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7533\u8ad6\u6bcf\u984c\u80fd\u5f97 16 \u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a,\u5c31\u662f\u8003<br>\u8a66\u9304\u53d6\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002\u60df\u6b32\u5f97\u9ad8\u5206\u5fc5\u9808\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u65b9\u5411\u53ca\u8b80\u66f8\u8981\u9818\u3002\u7230\u5c31\u300c\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u7bc4\u570d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7533\u8ad6\u984c\u7b54\u984c\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6280\u5de7\u300d\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u9ad8\u5206\u5fc5\u52dd\u6230\u7565,\u4e26\u8207\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u3002<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u7bc4\u570d:\u505a\u5c0d\u7684\u4e8b\u6bd4\u505a\u4e8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br><br>\u5faa\u8003\u9078\u90e8\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u547d\u984c\u5927\u7db1\u627e\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<br>\u5927\u5b78\u7528\u66f8\u70ba\u4e3b;\u76f8\u95dc\u671f\u520a\u8ad6\u6587\u70ba\u8f14\u3002<br>\u89c0\u6469 3~5 \u5e74\u5167\u7684\u6b77\u5c46\u8a66\u984c,\u96d6\u7136\u76f8\u540c\u984c\u76ee\u4e0d\u6703\u91cd\u8907\u518d\u73fe,\u4f46\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8b70<br>\u984c\u537b\u6703\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u6558\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe,\u7230\u6b77\u5c46\u8a66\u984c\u53ef\u9054\u300c\u9451\u53e4\u4e4b\u4eca\u300d\u4e4b\u6548\u3002<br>\u6ce8\u610f\u570b\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u6642\u52e2,\u9069\u6642\u52a0\u5165\u7b54\u984c\u63a2\u8a0e,\u7406\u8ad6\u5be6\u52d9\u7d50\u5408,\u9ad8\u5206\u4fdd<br>\u8b49\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7533\u8ad6\u984c\u7b54\u984c\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6280\u5de7:\u5de5\u6b32\u5584\u5176\u4e8b\u5fc5\u5148\u5229\u5176\u5668\u3002<br><br>\u505a\u597d\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u7ba1\u7406:<br>\u6642\u9593\u7ba1\u7406:<br>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8003\u8a66\u6642\u9593 120 \u5206\u9418\u7533\u8ad6\u984c 4 \u984c\u6bcf\u984c 30 \u5206\u9418\u3002<br>\u7a7a\u9593\u7ba1\u7406:<br>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8a66\u5377\u6709 8 \u9801\u7a7a\u9593,\u6bcf\u984c\u5206\u914d 2 \u9801\u70ba\u5b9c,\u4ee5\u9054\u7e3d\u9ad4\u908a\u969b\u6548\u76ca\u3002<br>\u6587\u7ae0\u908f\u8f2f\u7d50\u69cb:<br>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7b54\u984c\u7d50\u69cb\u5fc5\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u8d77\u300d\u3001\u300c\u627f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8f49\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5408\u300d\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7cbe\u795e\u8868\u9054,\u8b93\u95b1<br>\u5377\u8005\u300c\u4e00\u76ee\u77ad\u7136\u300d,\u624d\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u9752\u775e,\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u3002<br>\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u9054\u80fd\u529b:<br>\u5beb\u4f5c\u61c9\u7528\u300c\u8a00\u7c21\u610f\u8cc5\u300d\u7684\u767d\u8a71\u6587,\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b,\u80fd\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d,\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e8c\u53e5\u8a71,<br>\u80fd\u4e8c\u53e5\u8a71\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56db\u53e5\u8a71;\u540c\u6642\u5167\u5bb9\u529b\u6c42\u5468\u5ef6\u8a73\u76e1,\u76e1\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u7406\u8ad6\u7d93\u5178\u3002<br>\u6bb5\u843d\u5fc5\u9808\u6e05\u6670\u5206\u660e:<br>\u5404\u6bb5\u6558\u8ff0\u505a\u5230\u300c\u7db1\u8209\u76ee\u5f35\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5206\u9805\u689d\u5217\u300d\u3001\u300c\u51a0\u4ee5\u6578\u5b57\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53e6\u5217\u7e2e\u683c\u66f8\u5beb\u300d,\u5343\u842c<br>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e00\u5b57\u5beb\u5230\u5e95\u3002\u8a73\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b:<br><br>\u7db1\u8209\u76ee\u5f35:<br>\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7db1\u8209\u76ee\u5f35\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u6bb5\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u6a19\u984c,\u7531\u65bc\u95b1\u5377\u6578\u91cf\u9f90\u5927,\u95b1\u5377\u8005\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd<br>\u9010\u5b57\u95b1\u8b80\u8003\u751f\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u7b54\u6848,\u7230\u6700\u597d\u662f\u51a0\u4e0a\u6a19\u984c(\u5982\u7834\u984c\u8d85\u904e 5 \u884c\u4e5f\u8981\u52a0\u6a19\u984c),<br>\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u5b50\u984c\u7b54\u6848,\u4e5f\u90fd\u8981\u5206\u9ede\u8aaa\u660e,\u81f3\u65bc\u5206\u9ede\u7684\u8981\u9818,\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u6558\u4e00\u610f\u3002<br>\u5206\u9805\u689d\u5217\u548c\u51a0\u4ee5\u6578\u5b57:<br>\u7531\u65bc\u984c\u76ee\u7684\u984c\u865f\u570b\u5b57\u5c0f\u5beb(\u5373\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001&#8230;&#8230;),\u6240\u4ee5\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u5206\u9805\u689d\u5217\u548c\u51a0\u4ee5\u6578<br>\u5b57\u5b78\u8853\u898f\u683c\u662f:\u5148\u570b\u5b57\u5c0f\u5beb\u52a0\u62ec\u5f27;\u6b21\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6578\u5b57;\u6b21\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u62ec\u5f27;\u6b21<br>\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u5713\u5708\u3002<br>\u53e6\u5217\u7e2e\u683c\u66f8\u5beb:<br>\u300c\u53e6\u5217\u7e2e\u683c\u66f8\u5beb\u300d\u4fc2\u6307\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6578\u5b57\u6a19\u984c\u5192\u865f\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u5b57,\u61c9\u62c9\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5217\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u6a19<br>\u865f\u66f8\u5beb,\u4ee5\u9054\u5c64\u6b21\u5206\u660e,\u6e05\u6670\u9192\u76ee\u4e4b\u65e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e8%b2%b3%e3%80%81%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e\"><\/span>\u8cb3\u3001\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%80-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e00:\u653f\u7b56\u653f\u6cbb\u985e\u578b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5a01\u723e\u68ee(James Q. Wilson)\u5efa\u8b70,\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6d89\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56,\u4f9d<br>\u5176\u6210\u672c\u53ca\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u5f62,\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u985e,\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u672c\u8207\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u300c\u5ee3\u5927\u5206\u5e03\u578b\u300d(Widely<br>Distributed)\u6216\u300c\u72f9\u5c0f\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\u300d(Narrowly Concentrated),\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u7a05,\u5c6c\u65bc\u5ee3\u5927\u5206\u5e03\u578b\u7684\u653f\u7b56,\u5c0d\u67d0\u7522\u696d\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u88dc\u8cbc\u6216\u898f\u5b9a\u9808\u652f\u4ed8\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u672c;\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u8f49\u5ac1\u7d66\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u653f\u7b56,\u5c6c\u65bc\u72f9\u5c0f\u96c6\u4e2d\u578b\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5a01\u723e\u68ee\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u56db\u7a2e\u653f\u7b56\u653f\u6cbb(Politics)\u985e\u578b:<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u5ba2\u6236\u653f\u6cbb\u578b\u614b:<br>\u610f\u7fa9:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u6210\u672c\u662f\u7531\u5168\u6c11\u8ca0\u64d4,\u4f46\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u537b\u662f\u7531\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7372\u5f97\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5f9e\u5c11\u6578\u7372\u76ca\u8005\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u529b,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a,\u9019<br>\u4e9b\u5c11\u6578\u7372\u76ca\u8005\u6240\u7d44\u7684\u5718\u9ad4,\u5e38\u7368\u5360\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005,\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a<br>\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u516c\u5712\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u8a2d\u3001\u6b98\u969c\u3001\u8ca7\u6c11\u6551\u52a9\u6216\u8001\u4eba\u5e74\u91d1\u7b49\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u653f\u6cbb\u578b\u614b:<br>\u610f\u7fa9:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u6210\u672c\u7531\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u8ca0\u64d4,\u4f46\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u537b\u7531\u5168\u6c11\u5171\u4eab\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:\u76f8\u95dc\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9,\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u8207\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u516c<br>\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c07\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u529b\u91cf,\u4e5f\u5e38\u6703\u6fc0\u8d77\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\u95dc\u4fc2\u6216\u5e9c\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u885d<br>\u7a81\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u5404\u9805\u74b0\u4fdd\u7ba1\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4fdd\u8b77\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u83f8\u5bb3\u9632\u5236\u6cd5\u3001\u5546\u6a19\u6a19\u793a\u6cd5\u3002<br><br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u653f\u6cbb\u578b\u614b:<br>\u610f\u7fa9:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u6210\u672c\u8207\u5229\u76ca,\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u6240\u627f\u64d4\u8207\u4eab\u53d7\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u9593,\u904a\u8d70\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593,\u5c0b\u627e\u6709\u5229<br>\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u91ab\u85e5\u5206\u696d\u653f\u7b56,\u91ab\u5e2b\u8207\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u96d9\u65b9,\u8d0a\u6210\u8207\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u58c1\u58d8\u5206\u660e\u3002<br><br>\u56db\u3001\u591a\u6578\u6c7a\u653f\u6cbb\u578b\u614b:<br>\u610f\u7fa9:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u6210\u672c\u8207\u5229\u76ca,\u90fd\u7531\u5168\u6c11\u8ca0\u64d4\u8207\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u5c0d\u6b64\u985e\u578b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8f03\u7121\u8208\u8da3,\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u78ba\u5c11\u6578\u4eba,\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u8f03\u5927<br>\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5229\u76ca,\u6216\u907f\u514d\u627f\u64d4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u6d2a\u4ef2\u4e18\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u8ecd\u4e2d\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e8b\u4ef6,\u5f15\u8d77\u81fa\u7063\u793e\u6703\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8,\u4e26\u4fc3\u6210\u300c\u516c\u6c11 1985<br>\u884c\u52d5\u806f\u76df\u300d\u5408\u7a31\u767d\u886b\u8ecd\u904b\u52d5,\u8981\u6c42\u8ecd\u968a\u793e\u6703\u5316,\u6700\u5f8c\u4fc3\u6210\u8ecd\u5be9\u6cd5\u65bc 3 \u65e5\u5167\u4fee\u6cd5,\u5728<br>\u627f\u5e73\u6642\u671f,\u5c07\u8ecd\u4eba\u5be9\u5224\u5f9e\u8ecd\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5168\u9762\u79fb\u81f3\u6c11\u9593\u53f8\u6cd5\u55ae\u4f4d,\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u6574\u500b\u5175\u5f79\u653f\u7b56\u7522<br>\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%ba%8c-%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%88%87%e8%a6%8f%e7%af%84%e6%80%a7%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e8c:\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6a21\u578b(Descriptive Model):<br>\u5c31\u4e8b\u8ad6\u4e8b\u7684\u300c\u6c42\u771f\u300d\u614b\u5ea6:<br>\u6211\u5011\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u300c\u5c31\u4e8b\u8ad6\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u300c\u6c42\u771f\u300d\u614b\u5ea6,\u900f\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5,\u4ffe\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u300c\u63cf<br>\u8ff0\u300d\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\u554f\u984c?\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u300c\u70ba\u4f55\u300d\u9032\u884c\u8a72\u9805\u653f\u7b56\u9078\u64c7?\u6216\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u900f<br>\u904e\u8a72\u6a21\u578b\u300c\u9810\u6e2c\u300d\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u662f\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d?\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6a21\u578b;\u57fa\u6b64,\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027<br>\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\u662f:\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u73fe\u8c61\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u8207\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u3002<br>\u6b63\u78ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u8ab0\u7684\u5229\u76ca:<br>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u578b\u614b,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f9e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u4fc2\u7531\u5c11\u6578\u83c1\u82f1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3001\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3001\u5229<br>\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3001\u5c11\u6578\u5168\u570b\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u95dc\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a,\u5f9e\u800c\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u7a2e\u653f\u7b56<br>\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b:<br><br><br>\u83c1\u82f1\u4e3b\u7fa9(Elitism):<br>\u83c1\u82f1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba,\u300c\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u83c1\u82f1\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u504f\u597d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u300d<br>\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9(Pluralism):<br>\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u6307:\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9818<br>\u57df,\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593,\u56e0\u6b64,\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u591a\u5143\u7684\u793e\u5340\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u5171<br>\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a,\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u55ae\u4e00\u793e\u5340\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u55ae\u4e00\u652f\u914d\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3002<br>\u7d71\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9(Corporatism):<br>\u7d71\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5229\u76ca\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71,\u4ee3\u8868\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u88ab\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u6578\u76ee\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u9650\u4e4b\u55ae\u4e00<br>\u7684\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7684\u3001\u975e\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u985e\u5225,\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5730<br>\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u751a\u6216\u9812\u767c\u57f7\u7167,\u5728\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6388\u8207\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u6b0a,\u4ee5\u63db\u53d6<br>\u5c0d\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u9078\u64c7\u8207\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u652f\u6301\u8868\u9054\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u6a21\u578b(Normative Model):<br>\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u5be6\u73fe\u6975\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u8b70:<br>\u9664\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u8207\u9810\u6e2c\u4e09\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u4e4b\u5916,\u7279\u5225\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u300c\u67d0\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u5be6\u73fe\u6975\u4f73<br>\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u300d\u3002<br>\u63a2\u7a76\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u790e:<br>\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u578b\u614b,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f9e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027\u3001\u9650\u5236\u7406\u6027,<br>\u9084\u662f\u7d9c\u5408\u7406\u6027,\u5f9e\u800c\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e0b\u5217\u516d\u7a2e\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u578b:<br>\u7406\u6027\u5ee3\u535a\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Rational-comprehensive Decision-making Model):<br>\u7406\u6027\u5ee3\u535a\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d14\u7406\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d,\u63d0\u5021\u8005\u70ba\u53e4\u5178\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u4eba<br>\u70ba\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u300d,\u4ea6\u5373\u4eba\u4e43\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u8005,\u6545\u6703\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f<br>\u5047\u8a2d\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u4f9d\u64da\u5145\u5206\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a,\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848,\u4f5c\u5468\u8a73\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8003\u616e,<br>\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<br>\u6eff\u610f\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Satisficing Decision-making Model):<br>\u6eff\u610f\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u7269,\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u610f\u5716\u7406\u6027\u300d\u800c\u5df2,\u4eba\u6703\u5617\u8a66<br>\u9054\u5230\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5883\u754c,\u4f46\u56e0\u53d7\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9650\u5236,\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u591a\u5143\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u9650<br>\u5236\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u9650\u5236\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6210\u672c\u9650\u5236\u300d\u3001\u300c\u60c5\u5883\u9650\u5236\u300d\u7b49,\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5883\u754c,\u6545<br>\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u70ba\u300c\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u300d\u3002<br>\u6df7\u5408\u6383\u7784\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Mixed-scanning Decision-making Model):<br>\u6df7\u5408\u6383\u7784\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u4fc2\u6df7\u5408\u7406\u6027\u9014\u5f91\u8207\u6f38\u9032\u9014\u5f91\u800c\u6210,\u4e43\u7576\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u9762\u81e8\u6c7a\u7b56\u60c5\u52e2\u6642,<br>\u9996\u5148\u63a1\u53d6\u7406\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u69cb,\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u6216\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f,\u5148\u7acb\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56<br>\u65b9\u5411,\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u6f38\u9032\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Garbage-can Decision-making Model):<br><br><br>\u5783\u573e\u6876\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u7121\u6b21\u5e8f\u6027\u7684,\u554f\u984c\u504f\u597d\u8207\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u4e26<br>\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u6f14\u95dc\u4fc2,\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u4e82\u4e2d\u6709\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u57fa\u672c<br>\u4e0a\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u300c\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u7684\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u300d,\u901a\u5e38\u7686\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6c23\u5019\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u6c23\u6c1b\u7b49<br>\u56e0\u7d20\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u8a72\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br>\u6f38\u9032\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Incremental Decision-making Model):<br>\u6f38\u9032\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fc2\u6307\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u5728\u4f5c\u6c7a\u7b56\u6642,\u8457\u91cd\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u63aa\u65bd\u53bb\u627e\u5c0b\u6f38\u9032<br>\u7684\u4ee3\u66ff\u6027\u653f\u7b56,\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8b8a\u52d5<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b(Political Decision-making Model)\u3002<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5c45\u65bc\u512a\u52e2\u5730\u4f4d\u8005\u6240<br>\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684,\u4e0d\u4f9d\u7406\u6027\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5,\u800c\u4f9d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684,\u4e5f\u662f\u5f37\u52e2\u653f\u9ee8\u6240\u5e38<br>\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%89-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%88%a9%e5%ae%b3%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e09:\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<br><br>\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5:<br>\u5b78\u8005\u5510\u6069(Dunn)\u8a8d\u70ba:\u300c\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u8996\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba(Policy Stakeholder)\u7684\u610f\u898b<br>\u8207\u614b\u5ea6,\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u7b56;\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u662f\u6307\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u76f4\u63a5<br>\u9593\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u8a34\u6c42:<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5169\u9805\u8a34\u6c42,\u5373\u300c\u4f01\u5716\u5229\u76ca\u88ab\u63a1\u7d0d\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u8868\u660e\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u5834\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede,\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u81ea\u65bc\u4f01\u696d\u754c\u7684\u798f\u5229\u9580(Freeman)\u6240\u63d0\u4e4b\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba<br>\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u7ba1\u7406,\u5f8c\u4f86\u904b\u7528\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df,\u8332\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b:<br>\u4f01\u696d\u7ba1\u7406\u89c0\u9ede:<br>\u4ee5\u4f01\u696d\u7ba1\u7406\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5206\u6790,\u8457\u91cd\u516c\u53f8\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u5229<br>\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002<br><br>\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u89c0\u9ede:<br>\u6839\u64da\u653f\u7d93\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba,\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u7279\u6027:\ue0c6\u5b89\u5168\u3002\ue0c7\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u4e92\u52a9\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u6b63\u7fa9\u3002\ue0c9\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\ue0ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u7387\u3002<br>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u89c0\u9ede:<br>\u5510\u6069(Dunn)\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u8996\u5229\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\u8207\u614b\u5ea6,\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u7b56;<br>\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u300d\u4fc2\u6307\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u9593\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8005,\u5747\u70ba<br>\u5176\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u7279\u8cea<br>\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5b78\u8005\u6885\u68ee\u8207\u7c73\u7f85\u592b(Mason &amp; Mitroff),\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u5177\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u4e4b<br>\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u8cea\u5982\u4e0b,\u4e26\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56:<br>\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u52d5\u6a5f:\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u5229\u6216\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<br>\u4fe1\u5ff5:\u662f\u4ee5\u74b0\u5883\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4fe1\u5ff5,\u6216\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u4e3b\u7fa9\u70ba\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<br>\u8cc7\u6e90:\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<br>\u7279\u6b8a\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u610f\u898b:\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u9805\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u610f\u898b\u3002<br>\u5fe0\u8aa0:\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u9805\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5805\u6301,\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269\u6548\u5fe0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u7fa9\u52d9\u95dc\u4fc2:\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d,\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2<br>\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2,\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<br><br>\u56db\u3001\u8a8d\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u9014\u5f91<br>\u6885\u68ee(Mason)\u548c\u7c73\u7f85\u592b(Mitroff)\u66fe\u65bc 1981 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa,\u8a8d\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u5982<br>\u4e0b:<br>\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5f37\u5236\u9014\u5f91:\u6839\u64da\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u5f37\u5236\u898f\u5b9a\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u65bc\u8003\u616e\u4fdd<br>\u969c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f31\u52e2\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d,\u56e0\u800c\u5f37\u5236\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5176\u70ba\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br>\u5730\u4f4d\u9014\u5f91:\u6839\u64da\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300d\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u3002<br>\u8072\u8b7d\u9014\u5f91:\u4ee5\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u9014\u5f91:\u4ee5\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u3002<br>\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896\u9014\u5f91:\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7e3d\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7d93\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u5de6\u53f3\u5927\u773e\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u3002<br>\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u9014\u5f91:\u4f9d\u64da\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u8077\u696d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002<br>\u7d44\u7e54\u9014\u5f91:\u5f9e\u7d44\u7e54\u6240\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u7684\u4f9b\u7d66\u8005\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u54e1\u5de5\u3001\u9867\u5ba2\u3001\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u3001\u88ab\u7ba1\u5236\u8005\u4f86\u8a8d\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e5%9b%9b-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e8%ad%b0%e7%a8%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u56db:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<br><br>\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9:<br>\u7d9c\u89c0\u5b78\u8005\u91d1\u9813(Kingdon)\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u8a2d\u5b9a(Policy Agenda Setting)\u662f:\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98<br><br><br>\u54e1\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u4e3b\u984c\u6216\u554f\u984c\u540d\u55ae\u300d;\u53e6\u67ef\u4f2f\u8207\u611b\u723e\u5fb7(Cobb &amp; Elder)\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba:\u300c\u4e00<br>\u7d44\u503c\u5f97\u653f\u9ad4\u6ce8\u610f,\u4e26\u5217\u5165\u5408\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f44\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u885d\u7a81;\u4e00\u7d44\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a5f\u69cb\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6642\u7a0b\u63a1\u53d6<br>\u7a4d\u6975\u884c\u52d5\u8207\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u9805\u76ee\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u5340\u5206:<br>\u67ef\u4f2f\u8207\u611b\u723e\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba,\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u53c8\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5236\u5ea6\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d:<br>\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b70\u7a0b:\u6216\u7a31\u300c\u5927\u773e\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8b70\u984c\u5f62\u8c61\u300d,\u4fc2\u6307\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u54e1\u5171\u540c\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u8b70<br>\u984c,\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u773e\u6ce8\u610f,\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u3002<br>\u5236\u5ea6\u8b70\u7a0b:\u6216\u7a31\u300c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u4fc2\u6307\u5df2\u9032\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u8a0e\u8ad6,\u6e96\u5099\u52a0<br>\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u8655\u7406\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8ad6\u984c\u9805\u76ee\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027<br><br>\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b:<br>\u6eff\u8db3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u671f\u5f85:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4fc2\u56de\u61c9\u793e\u6703\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u9700\u6c42,\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u3002<br>\u5177\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u5747\u5177\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f,\u8af8\u5982\u6cd5\u6848\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u793a\u3002<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u767c\u52d5\u6a1e\u7d10:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u767c\u52d5\u6a1e\u7d10,\u5982:\u6c11\u773e\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u5177\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5e8f:\u5faa\u300c\u5a92\u9ad4\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u516c\u5171\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d,\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u8b70\u7a0b\u300d\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u3002<br>\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8b70\u7a0b:\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u754c\u5b9a\u6e05\u695a\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u7b56\u8b70\u7a0b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u56e0\u7d20<br><br>\u91d1\u9813(J. W. Kingdon)\u8a8d\u70ba,\u5f71\u97ff\u5236\u5ea6\u8b70\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u500b\u56e0\u7d20:<br>\u554f\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027:<br>\u5373\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u9069\u7576\u65b9\u6cd5,\u8b93\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u77e5\u6089\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5b58\u5728,\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u7576<br>\u6025\u8feb\u5fc5\u9808\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b49\u3002<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20:<br>\u554f\u984c\u767c\u751f\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d41\u5982\u4f55?\u5305\u62ec\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c23\u6c1b\u5982\u4f55?\u653f\u9ee8\u7af6\u722d\u614b\u52e2\u5982\u4f55?\u5168\u570b<br>\u9078\u8209\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u66dd\u5149\u7387\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005:<br>\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u884c\u653f\u9996\u9577\u3001\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u653f\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\u3001\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7b49\u5730\u95dc\u5fc3,\u4ed6\u5011<br>\u662f\u5426\u9858\u610f\u76e1\u529b\u5c07\u554f\u984c\u8a2d\u6cd5\u6392\u9032\u8b70\u7a0b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%ba%94-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88%e5%8f%af%e8%a1%8c%e6%80%a7%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e8%88%87%e5%af%a6%e4%be%8b%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e94:\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8207\u5be6\u4f8b\u61c9\u7528<br><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u7684\u610f\u6db5<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u898f\u5283\u6642,\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u4e8b\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7814\u7a76(Feasibility Study),<br>\u6b64\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5468\u8a73\u8207\u5426,\u95dc\u4fc2\u8a72\u65b9\u6848\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7,\u4e5f\u95dc\u4fc2\u8a72\u65b9\u6848\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u5426\u9806\u5229\u57f7\u884c\u3002<br>\u56e0\u6b64,\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u898f\u5283\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u624d,\u6216\u662f\u9080\u8acb\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u5f9e\u4e8b\u65b9\u6848\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f8c,\u63a5\u8457\u61c9\u7576\u5c0d\u5404\u500b\u66ff\u9078\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76,\u4e26\u4e14\u4f9d\u64da\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\u8207\u6280\u8853,\u8a55\u4f30\u6bd4\u8f03\u5404\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u9ad8\u4f4e,\u6392\u51fa\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f,\u4f9b\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u9078\u64c7\u53c3\u8003\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u9032\u884c\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u6642,\u5fc5\u9808\u9867\u53ca\u5404\u76f8\u95dc\u5c64\u9762<br><br>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e03\u9805\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u758f\u5ffd\u7684\u5c64\u9762:<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u652f\u6301\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5982\u4f55,\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6a19<br>\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u610f\u898b\u9818\u8896\u3001\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u6c11\u610f\u6a5f\u69cb\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u3002<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u57f7\u884c\u6642,\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u3002<br>\u6240\u8b02\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8cc7\u6e90\u6307\u6d89:\u91d1\u9322\u3001\u9810\u7b97\u800c\u8a00;\u800c\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8cc7\u6e90\u6307\u6d89:\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u7269\u6750\u3001\u8cc7<br>\u8a0a\u7b49\u800c\u8a00\u3002<br>\u884c\u653f\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u884c\u653f\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u627f\u64d4\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u884c\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u6d89<br>\u53ca:\u300c\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u300d\u3001\u300c\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u95dc\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u60c5\u6cc1\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u300d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u57f7\u884c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u8853\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8207\u5916\u754c\u7684\u516c\u95dc\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6642,\u80fd\u5426\u514b\u670d\u6cd5\u898f\u9650\u5236\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9055\u53cd\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u6cd5\u898f<br>\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5236\u8a02\u65b0\u6cd5\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u898f\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u9700\u8a02\u6cd5\u5f8b,\u53ea\u9700\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5be6\u65bd\u7b49<br>\u800c\u8a00\u3002<br>\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u662f\u5426\u5177\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u80fd\u529b,\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u540c\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u5177<br>\u5099:\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6c34\u6e96\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5dee\u7570\u7b49\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u6642\u9593\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u6642\u9593\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u5f9e\u6642\u9593\u5e45\u5ea6,\u8003\u616e\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5305\u62ec:\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u65b9<br>\u6848\u898f\u5283\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3001\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u57f7\u884c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3001\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6642\u9593\u7b49\u53ca\u6642\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002<br><br>\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u884c\u6027:<br>\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4fc2\u6307\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\u5982\u6b32\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u65bd,\u80fd\u5426\u514b\u670d\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u751f\u614b\u4fdd\u8b77\u300d\u898f\u5b9a\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u9650<br>\u5236\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u751f\u614b\u4fdd\u8b77\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u614b\u4fdd\u80b2\u300d\u8207\u300c\u516c\u5bb3\u9632\u6cbb\u300d\u3002<br><br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee5 2010 \u5e74\u8d77\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u70ba\u4f8b<br><br>\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56\u80cc\u666f:<br>\u6c11\u570b 44 \u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u8003\u91cf\u8ecd\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u85aa\u8cc7\u5fae\u8584,\u65bc\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u6cd5\u5c07\u514d\u7a05\u7bc4\u570d\u64f4\u5927\u70ba\u8ecd\u4eba\u53ca\u570b<br>\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6559\u8077\u54e1,\u60df\u96a8\u8457\u570b\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u63d0\u5347,\u8ecd\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u4e0a\u5347,\u4f7f\u5f97<br>\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u8207\u793e\u6703\u8f3f\u8ad6\u4e0d\u65b7\u8cea\u7591\u5176\u514d\u7a05\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027,\u8981\u6c42\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f<br>\u7b56,\u884c\u653f\u9662\u9662\u6703\u901a\u904e\u81ea 2010 \u5e74\u8d77\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85,\u4ee5\u9054\u8ab2\u7a05\u516c\u5e73\u6b63<br>\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002<br><br>\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790:<br>\u5728\u9032\u884c\u300c\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u6642,\u5fc5\u9808\u9867\u53ca\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u5c64\u9762,\u4e26\u8aaa\u660e\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4e0b:<br><br>\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u884c\u6027:\u7531\u65bc\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u516c\u958b\u5834\u5408\u5021\u8b70\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56,<br>\u5fa9\u52a0\u4e0a\u5927\u773e\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u8f3f\u8ad6\u7684\u58d3\u529b,\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a72\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301,\u6709\u52a9\u65bc<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u3002<br>\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ef\u884c\u6027:\u96a8\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55,\u570b\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u63d0\u9ad8,\u8ecd\u6559\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u5df2\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e0a\u7a0b\u5ea6,<br>\u539f\u521d\u514d\u7a05\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5df2\u4e0d\u5fa9\u5b58\u5728,\u4f7f\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56\u963b\u529b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002<br>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u884c\u6027:\u53d6\u6d88\u8ecd\u6559\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u653f\u7b56,\u6d89\u53ca\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u6cd5\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u7531<br>\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u8b70,\u7531\u65bc\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7acb\u6cd5\u59d4\u54e1,\u5e0c\u671b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u53d6\u6d88\u514d\u7a05\u512a\u5f85\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u914d<br>\u5957\u63aa\u65bd,\u56e0\u6b64,\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fee\u6b63\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u4f3c\u6709\u5f85\u52aa\u529b\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e5%85%ad-%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e3%80%8c%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%8a%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8b%e3%80%8d%e3%80%81%e3%80%8c%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%8b%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8a%e3%80%8d%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e9%80%94%e5%be%91%e4%b9%8b%e6%af%94%e8%bc%83\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u516d:\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u300c\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u9014\u5f91\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u6c99\u5df4\u63d0\u723e(Paul Sabatier)\u6307\u51fa,\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6,\u4f9d\u653f\u7b56<br>\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6b0a\u5340\u5206\u6a19\u6e96,\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u300c\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b(Top-down)\u300d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u8207\u300c\u7531<br>\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a(Bottom-up)\u300d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f;\u8332\u5c07\u6b64\u4e8c\u7a2e\u57f7\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5927\u8981\u7c21\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b:<br><br>\u4e00\u3001\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c:<br>\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u56b4\u5bc6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9023\u9396\u95dc\u4fc2,\u8207\u4e0a\u7d1a\u9577\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u63ee\u80fd\u529b,<br>\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8996\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u67b6\u69cb\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fc2\u690d\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684<br>\u5e7e\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u9ede:<br><br>\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8207\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5404\u6709\u754c\u9650,\u800c\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u7acb\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u9673\u8ff0\u76ee\u6a19,\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u64c1\u6709\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<br>\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u898f\u5283\u4e4b\u5f8c,\u5448\u73fe\u5148\u5f8c\u9806\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5225\u3002<br>\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5be6\u8e10\u653f\u7b56\u3002<br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c:<br>\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u7684\u662f:\u653f\u7b56\u6388\u6b0a\u7d66\u4e0b\u7d1a\u55ae\u4f4d\u6216\u90e8\u5c6c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u53c3\u8207,\u800c\u4e0a\u7d1a\u55ae\u4f4d\u6216\u9996\u9577\u50c5\u7ad9\u5728\u8f14\u5c0e\u7684\u7acb\u5834;\u6b64\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fc2\u690d\u57fa\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u9ede:<br><br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c,\u7e6b\u65bc\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5143\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u69cb,\u662f\u6709\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<br>\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u8a08\u756b\u7406\u6027,\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u7d44\u7e54\u7406\u6027\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002<br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c,\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u95dc\u9593\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u7522\u51fa,\u800c\u975e\u653f\u7b56\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5efa\u69cb\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002<br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c,\u662f\u591a\u5143\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u7d50\u679c,\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u4e00\u6a5f\u69cb\u76ee\u6a19\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c,\u7e6b\u65bc\u57fa\u5c64\u5b98\u50da\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u88c1\u91cf\u6b0a,\u800c\u975e\u968e\u5c64\u6307\u63ee\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c,\u5fc5\u7136\u6d89\u53ca\u59a5\u5354\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u806f\u76df\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<br><br>\u4e09\u3001\u4e8c\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u7570<br>\u4ee5\u539f\u521d\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u7126\u9ede\u6bd4\u8f03:<br>\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u6700\u521d\u7126\u9ede\u70ba\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<br>\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u67d0\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<br>\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f03:<br>\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u5f9e\u4e2d\u592e\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5f9e\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u5230\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\u3002<br>\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u5f9e\u5730\u65b9\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u5f9e\u79c1\u90e8\u9580\u5230\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u3002<br>\u4ee5\u8a55\u4f30\u6a19\u6e96\u6bd4\u8f03:<br>\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u6b63\u5f0f\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5b8c\u6210,\u6709\u6642\u517c\u63a1\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6a19\u6e96,\u4f46\u50c5\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027<br>\u7684\u3002<br>\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6a19\u6e96\u5247\u8f03\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a,\u4f46\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u8a08\u756b\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<br>\u4ee5\u6574\u9ad4\u7126\u9ede\u6bd4\u8f03:<br>\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u95dc\u5fc3\u653f\u7b56\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u9054\u6210\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7d50\u679c\u3002<br>\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f37\u8abf\u653f\u7b56\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\u591a\u5143\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bf%85%e8%ae%80%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%83-%e5%9b%9e%e6%87%89%e7%9a%84%e2%94%80%e5%bb%ba%e6%a7%8b%e6%80%a7%e8%a9%95%e4%bc%b0%e9%81%8e%e7%a8%8b\"><\/span>\u5fc5\u8b80\u91cd\u9ede\u4e03:\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u2500\u5efa\u69cb\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u904e\u7a0b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u2500\u5efa\u69cb\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u300d(1975 \u5e74~\u8fc4\u4eca):<br>\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u653f\u7b56\u8a55\u4f30(Fourth Generation Evaluation)\u300d\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u53e4\u5df4\u8207\u6797\u80af(E. G.<br>Guba &amp; Y. S. Lincoln)\u5169\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u300a\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5,\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u56de<br>\u61c9\u7684\u2500\u5efa\u69cb\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u300d(Responsive Constructivist Evaluation)\u8207\u524d\u4e09\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8655,\u5728\u65bc\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u8457\u91cd\u4e00\u5957\u591a\u5143\u98a8\u8c8c\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8a55\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u5178\u7bc4\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u7279\u5225\u8457<br>\u91cd\u653f\u7b56\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u611f\u53d7,\u4ee5\u300c\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u300d\u70ba\u8a55\u4f30\u91cd\u9ede,\u4f7f\u653f\u7b56\u8f49\u6210\u56de\u61c9\u6027\u8a55<br>\u4f30\u3002<br><br>\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u653f\u7b56\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5<br>\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u653f\u7b56\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u5167\u6db5,\u8a73\u5217\u5982\u4e0b:<br><br>\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e:<br>\u53e4\u5df4\u8207\u6797\u80af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u300c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30,\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5167<br>\u5bb9\u662f:<br>\u91cd\u8996\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u56de\u61c9,\u56e0\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc<br>\u4fc2\u5718\u9ad4\u3002<br>\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5167\u5fc3\u611f\u53d7\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u95dc\u5207\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u3002<br>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u8abf\u5efa\u69cb\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6,\u9019\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u7b56\u8a55\u4f30\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<br>\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8a55\u4f30\u5be6\u65bd\u7a0b\u5e8f:<br>\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u5b9a\u627f\u53d7\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u70ba\u4f55\u3002<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u754c\u5b9a\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u5f35\u300d\u3001\u300c\u95dc\u5207\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8b70\u984c\u300d\u3002<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u71df\u9020\u8cea\u5316\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u7cfb\u7d61\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3002<br>\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u95dc\u5207\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u5171\u8b58\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u6216\u6b20\u7f3a\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u95dc\u5207\u8207\u8b70\u984c,\u5fc5\u9808\u8a2d\u5b9a\u59a5\u5354\u7684\u6642\u7a0b\u8868\u3002<br>\u958b\u59cb\u8490\u96c6\u6709\u95dc\u59a5\u5354\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u5efa\u7acb\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8ad6\u58c7,\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u59a5\u5354\u3002<br>\u5c07\u5df2\u5177\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u59a5\u5354\u4e8b\u9805\u4f5c\u6210\u5831\u544a\u3002<br>\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5c1a\u672a\u7372\u53d6\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3001\u95dc\u5207\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\"><\/span>  <strong>\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/police-out?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=109%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E8%80%83%E5%89%8D%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2714_lulu_NA\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/police-out?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=109%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E8%80%83%E5%89%8D%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2714_lulu_NA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[213,210],"tags":[253,202,201],"class_list":["post-2714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general-police-exam-general-review","category-general-review","tag-253","tag-202","tag-201"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3069,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2714\/revisions\/3069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}