{"id":2721,"date":"2021-07-21T15:20:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-21T07:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721"},"modified":"2021-08-03T15:17:46","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T07:17:46","slug":"%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8-109%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9d%e5%88%ba-%e9%80%99%e4%ba%9b%e8%a7%80%e5%bf%b5%e4%bd%a0%e7%a2%ba%e5%af%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721","title":{"rendered":"\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78-\u9069\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u8003\u8a66(\u5916\u8ecc)\u4e09\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u9632\u6cbb\u4eba\u54e1-\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u885d\u523a-\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u4f60\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a87726c66c0d\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a87726c66c0d\"  aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e3%80%90%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91109%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\" >\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3011(109\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc%e7%95%b0%e5%b8%b8personality-disorder\" >\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38(Personality Disorder)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e6%88%90%e7%99%ae%e7%97%87addicton\" >\u4e8c\u3001\u6210\u766e\u75c7(Addicton):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e5%8d%b0%e8%b1%a1%e3%80%81%e5%81%8f%e8%a6%8b%e3%80%81%e6%ad%a7%e8%a6%96%e3%80%81%e5%88%bb%e6%9d%bf%e5%8d%b0%e8%b1%a1\" >\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u504f\u898b\u3001\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e7%a0%b4%e7%aa%97%e6%95%88%e6%87%89broken-window-effect\" >\u56db\u3001\u7834\u7a97\u6548\u61c9(broken window effect):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%b9%e4%bd%9b%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%af%a6%e9%a9%97stanford-prison-experiment\" >\u4e94\u3001\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u76e3\u7344\u5be6\u9a57(Stanford Prison Experiment)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e6%b8%ac%e8%ac%8a%e6%a9%9flie-detector\" >\u516d\u3001\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f(Lie Detector)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e9%a1%8d%e8%91%89frontal-lobe\" >\u4e03\u3001\u984d\u8449(Frontal Lobe)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e9%8f%a1%e5%83%8f%e7%a5%9e%e7%b6%93%e5%85%83mirror-neuron\" >\u516b\u3001\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143(Mirror Neuron)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/?p=2721\/#%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\" >\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5-2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/eyebook.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/91\u5b98\u7db2-\u5716\u6587\u6a21\u7d44-banner-5-2-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u641e\u6df7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u6253\u901a~\u8003\u524d\u9ad8\u6548\u7e3d\u8907\u7fd2\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u5c31\u5c0d\u4e86\uff01<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e3%80%90%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%91109%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e5%89%8d%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3011(109\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u524d\u91cd\u9ede\u6574\u7406)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%80%e3%80%81%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc%e7%95%b0%e5%b8%b8personality-disorder\"><\/span>\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38(Personality Disorder)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u7fa9:<br>\u500b\u9ad4\u81ea\u5e7c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u990a\u6210\u5f85\u4eba\u8655\u4e8b\u7570\u65bc\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c,\u4ea6\u7a31\u300c\u6027\u683c\u7570\u5e38\u300d\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38<br>\u8005\u6027\u683c\u602a\u7570\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5947\u7279\u3001\u8a00\u884c\u8209\u6b62\u4e0d\u5faa\u5e38\u898f\u3001\u4e0d\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u884c\u70ba\u611f\u5230\u6127\u759a\u4e0d\u5b89,<br>\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5747\u6975\u96e3\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u8005\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u812b\u7bc0;\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38\u8005\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703<br>\u812b\u96e2\u73fe\u5be6,\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u5229\u7528\u73fe\u5be6\u9054\u6210\u5176\u81ea\u79c1\u76ee\u7684,\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u5fc3\u7406\u7570\u5e38\u8005\u4e2d\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u6216\u7126\u616e<br>\u6027\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u985e\u3002<br><br>\u7a2e\u985e:<br>\u5984\u60f3\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u91cd\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u5730\u4f4d,\u5c0d\u4eba\u5c0d\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u61f7\u7591\u731c\u5fcc\u3002\u904e\u5931<br>\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba,\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u4eba\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655,\u6709\u660e\u986f\u751f\u6d3b\u9069\u61c9\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<br>\u5206\u96e2\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u51b7\u6de1\u5b64\u50fb\u3001\u5be1\u60c5\u523b\u8584\u3001\u76ee\u4e2d\u7121\u4eba\u3001\u5c0d\u4eba\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u3001\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7121<br>\u8208\u8da3\u3001\u96e3\u8207\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u89aa\u5bc6\u95dc\u4fc2,\u4fd7\u7a31\u5b64\u7368\u6027\u683c,\u793e\u6703\u9069\u61c9\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<br>\u5206\u88c2\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u8f03\u5206\u96e2\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd,\u9664\u8207\u4eba\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u6027\u683c<br>\u5b64\u7368\u5916,\u517c\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7d0a\u4e82\u8207\u77e5\u89ba\u626d\u66f2\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<br>\u5287\u5316\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u6975\u5ea6\u6232\u5287\u5316,\u60c5\u7dd2\u8b8a\u5316\u7121\u5e38,\u6642\u800c\u8208\u596e\u6642\u800c\u61a4<br>\u6012,\u70ba\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0f\u4e8b\u5373\u5927\u767c\u813e\u6c23\u3002\u5287\u5316\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38\u8005\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8f03\u591a\u3002<br>\u81ea\u662f\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u50be\u5411\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3,\u559c\u6b61\u70ab\u8000\u81ea\u6211\u624d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f,<br>\u81ea\u6211\u8a87\u5927\u3001\u4e0d\u91cd\u8996\u95dc\u5fc3\u5225\u4eba\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u7406\u5fc3,\u4eba\u969b\u9069\u61c9\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<br>\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u6975\u5ea6\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3,\u6191\u4e00\u5df1\u885d\u52d5\u5c0b\u6c42\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3,<br>\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u884c\u70ba\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u5426\u50b7\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba,\u662f\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u6027\u683c\u3002<br>\u908a\u7de3\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u7d30\u7bc0\u52d5\u8f12\u61a4\u6012,\u9047\u4e8b\u885d\u52d5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u601d\u8003,<br>\u4ecb\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u75c7\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7570\u5e38,\u6545\u4ee5\u300c\u908a\u7de3\u300d\u540d\u4e4b\u3002<br>\u8ff4\u907f\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u904e\u5ea6\u654f\u611f,\u5180\u6c42\u5225\u4eba\u63a5\u7d0d\u53c8\u6015\u906d\u53d7\u62d2\u7d55\u640d\u53ca<br>\u81ea\u5c0a,\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0b\u9078\u64c7\u8ff4\u907f\u53c3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<br>\u4f9d\u8cf4\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7368\u7acb,\u9047\u4e8b\u9000\u7e2e\u4f9d\u8cf4,\u7f3a\u5c11\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u89aa\u4eba\u5728<br>\u8eab\u908a\u7167\u9867,\u5c31\u611f\u89ba\u6975\u5927\u6050\u61fc\u8207\u75db\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u7121\u6cd5\u7368\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<br>\u5f37\u8feb\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u683c\u56fa\u57f7\u3001\u4e0d\u77e5\u8b8a\u901a\u3001\u58a8\u5b88\u6210\u898f\u3001\u8a00\u884c\u50f5\u5316,\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b8a\u52d5<br>\u7684\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2,\u96e3\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9069\u61c9\u3002<br>\u88ab\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\u578b\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38:\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u683c\u65e2\u61e6\u5f31\u53c8\u77db\u76fe,\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u73fe\u552f\u552f\u8afe\u8afe,\u5c0d\u8cac\u4efb<br>\u63a8\u62d6\u6577\u884d,\u80cc\u5730\u88e1\u6697\u4e2d\u60e1\u610f\u653b\u64ca\u7834\u58de\u3002<br><br>\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38(Antisocial Personality Disorder):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38,\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u50be\u5411,\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8cac\u4efb\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u611f,\u53ea\u6c42\u6eff<br>\u8db3\u500b\u4eba\u9700\u6c42,\u7121\u7f9e\u6065\u5fc3\u6216\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f,\u906d\u9047\u632b\u6298\u7e3d\u662f\u6b78\u548e\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u6703,\u4e5f\u7a31\u300c\u5fc3\u7406<br>\u75c5\u614b\u4eba\u683c\u300d(Psychopathic Personality)\u3002\u5177\u6b64\u7a2e\u6027\u683c\u8005,\u300c\u826f\u77e5\u300d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u800c\u8a00\u6beb\u7121<br>\u610f\u7fa9,\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4,\u4e0d\u8a8d\u53ef\u50b3\u7d71\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u6a19\u6e96,\u5728\u5bb6\u88e1\u53cd\u6297\u7236\u6bcd,\u5728\u5b78<br>\u6821\u53cd\u6297\u6821\u898f,\u5728\u793e\u6703\u53cd\u6297\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u7ae0\u3002<br><br>\u7279\u5fb5:<br>\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3:\u6975\u7aef\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3,\u50c5\u6eff\u8db3\u81ea\u6211\u79c1\u617e,\u5f37\u70c8\u7d22\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u8cf4\u95dc\u6ce8,\u5c0d\u4eba<br>\u537b\u662f\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3,\u4e0d\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e5f\u4e0d\u56de\u5831\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u89aa\u60c5\u95dc\u611b\u3002<br>\u7121\u7f9e\u6065\u5fc3:\u7121\u8cac\u4efb\u5fc3\u4e5f\u7121\u7fa9\u52d9\u611f,\u8a00\u884c\u8209\u6b62\u7121\u6cd5\u53d6\u4fe1\u65bc\u4eba\u3002\u77e5\u904e\u4e0d\u6094\u6539\u6beb\u7121<br>\u7f9e\u6065\u5fc3,\u4e0d\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u7126\u616e\u81ea\u6bba\u50be\u5411\u3002<br>\u60c5\u7dd2\u51b7\u6f20:\u76f8\u8c8c\u8207\u667a\u529b\u4e2d\u7b49\u4ee5\u4e0a,\u7d66\u4eba\u865b\u507d\u4e0d\u5766\u8aa0\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5c11\u6709\u559c\u6012\u54c0\u6a02\u7684<br>\u8868\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u7684\u5e7b\u89ba\u5984\u60f3\u7b49\u7d0a\u4e82\u601d\u60f3\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5224\u65b7:\u662f\u975e\u5584\u60e1\u5224\u65b7\u80fd\u529b\u5dee,\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u5931\u6557\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u6559\u8a13\u3002\u4fb5\u72af\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684<br>\u884c\u70ba\u591a\u8d77\u65bc\u96b1\u85cf\u6027\u885d\u52d5,\u800c\u975e\u4e8b\u524d\u660e\u78ba\u8a08\u756b\u3002<br>\u81ea\u6bc0\u884c\u70ba:\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u6977\u6a21\u884c\u70ba\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u898b\u8ce2\u601d\u9f4a\u3001\u898b\u4e0d\u8ce2\u5167\u81ea\u7701\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u7121\u76ee\u7684\u3001<br>\u8a08\u756b\u8207\u65b9\u5411,\u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u52d5\u591a\u5c6c\u81ea\u6bc0\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u60f9\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1:\u8a00\u884c\u8209\u6b62\u7c97\u9119\u919c\u964b,\u9152\u5f8c\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e0b\u5e38\u8868\u73fe\u60e1\u4f5c\u5287\u3002\u5169\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u6eff\u8db3<br>\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u524d\u63d0,\u8207\u7570\u6027\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f9e\u4e0d\u4ed8\u51fa\u771f\u5fc3\u60c5\u610f\u3002<br><br>\u6210\u56e0:<br>\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u8ad6:\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u683c\u7570\u5e38\u73fe\u8c61\u6e90\u81ea\u7ae5\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u884c\u70ba\u640d\u4eba\u5229\u5df1\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f<br>\u9053\u5fb7\u611f\u3001\u7121\u7f9e\u6127\u5fc3,\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u672a\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u8d85\u6211\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u89aa<br>\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38,\u6216\u662f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u95dc\u611b,\u751a\u81f3\u906d\u5230\u8650\u5f85\u6216\u907a\u68c4,\u500b\u9ad4<br>\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8d85\u6211\u5c64\u9762\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u3002<br>\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9:\u500b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u6559\u8a13\u5b78\u5230\u6539\u904e\u9077\u5584,\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u793e<br>\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u4ee3\u66ff\u72af\u932f\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u904e\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8b77\u6216\u6eba\u611b\u6709\u95dc,\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u4e88\u5fc5<br>\u8981\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3001\u63d0\u9192\u3001\u6307\u5c0e,\u500b\u9ad4\u81ea\u5e7c\u990a\u6210\u4e88\u53d6\u4e88\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad4\u8ad2\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c,\u9577\u5927\u51fa\u793e<br>\u6703\u5f8c\u81ea\u96e3\u8207\u4eba\u76f8\u8655\u3002<br>\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6:\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6703\u8003\u616e\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9593\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u7fa9\u52d9,\u66ff\u81ea\u5df1\u8a2d\u60f3\u4e5f\u66ff\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a2d\u60f3\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u7236\u6bcd\u7ba1\u6559\u904e\u65bc\u653e\u7e31,\u4e0d\u6559\u5c0e\u662f\u975e\u5584\u60e1\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7d66\u4e88\u6eff\u8db3,\u5c0e\u81f4\u500b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u77e5\u7a84\u5316\u614b\u5ea6\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3,\u7f3a\u4e4f\u632b\u6298\u5bb9\u5fcd\u529b,\u7121\u6cd5\u5b78\u5230\u5ef6\u5f8c\u4eab\u6a02,\u6240\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u8981\u6c42\u7acb\u5373\u6eff\u8db3,\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8cac\u4efb\u611f\u8207\u7f9e\u6065\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%8c%e3%80%81%e6%88%90%e7%99%ae%e7%97%87addicton\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u3001\u6210\u766e\u75c7(Addicton):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6210\u766e\u75c7(Addicton):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u6307\u500b\u9ad4\u751f\u7406\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5f37\u70c8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u72c0\u614b,\u975e\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u85e5\u7269<br>\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u751f\u7406\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u7dad\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6210\u766e\u5f8c\u5c0d\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u9010<br>\u6f38\u589e\u52a0,\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u52a0\u5927\u3002<br>\u6210\u766e\u6027\u683c(Addictive Personality):\u6307\u9157\u9152\u3001\u5438\u6bd2\u6216\u7528\u85e5\u6210\u766e\u5f8c,\u5728\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u7570\u65bc\u5e38<br>\u4eba,\u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u9152\u766e\u3001\u6bd2\u766e\u6216\u85e5\u766e\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6709\u91d1\u9322\u6240\u5f97\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u5c0d<br>\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ca0\u8cac,\u53ea\u9867\u8cfc\u8cb7\u766e\u7656\u6240\u9700\u3002\u5177\u6b64\u6027\u683c\u8005,\u793e\u6703\u9069\u61c9\u56f0\u96e3,\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u826f<br>\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<br>\u6210\u56e0:\u9152\u766e\u3001\u6bd2\u766e\u3001\u85e5\u766e\u3001\u83f8\u766e\u7b49\u5fc3\u7406\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027,\u8207\u53e4\u5178\u5236\u7d04\u5b78\u7fd2\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u83f8\u88e1\u7684<br>\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u3001\u9152\u88e1\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u88e1\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea,\u90fd\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u500b\u9ad4\u6109\u6085\u60c5\u7dd2\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u975e\u5236<br>\u7d04\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u83f8\u5473\u3001\u83f8\u76d2\u3001\u9152\u5473\u3001\u9152\u74f6\u3001\u9152\u5e97\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u5473\u9053\u3001\u5438\u6bd2\u5834\u6240\u7b49,\u7d93\u904e\u806f\u7d50<br>\u66ff\u4ee3\u5f8c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u6109\u6085\u60c5\u7dd2,\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u6613\u6212\u9664\u3002<br>\u5c0e\u6b63:\u8981\u6212\u9664\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6210\u766e,\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u300c\u53cd\u5236\u7d04\u4f5c\u7528\u300d(Counterconditioning)\u3002<br>\u53ea\u8981\u5c0b\u627e\u9069\u7576\u7684\u975e\u5236\u7d04\u523a\u6fc0\u4f5c\u53d6\u4ee3,\u53cd\u5236\u7d04\u5c0d\u6212\u9664\u4e0d\u826f\u7fd2\u6163\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u61c9<br>\u7528\u53cd\u5236\u7d04\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u77ef\u6cbb\u6280\u8853,\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5acc\u60e1\u5236\u7d04\u300d(Aversive Conditioning)\u3002<br><br>\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e(Drug Addiction):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e,\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u85e5\u7269\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u4f9d\u8cf4(Substance dependence)\u30021957 \u5e74<br>\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54(WHO)\u5c0d\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9,\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6162\u6027\u6216\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4e2d\u6bd2,<br>\u56e0\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u800c\u50b7\u5bb3\u500b\u4eba\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u3002\u9020\u6210\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u6709:\u55ce\u5561\u3001\u93ae<br>\u975c\u5291\u3001\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u3001\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u3001\u5927\u9ebb\u53ca\u9152\u7cbe\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:<br>\u6703\u4e0d\u64c7\u624b\u6bb5\u60f3\u8981\u6216\u88ab\u8feb\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u53d6\u85e5\u670d\u7528\u3002<br>\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\u85e5\u91cf\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u85e5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u8eab\u9ad4\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002<br>\u6210\u56e0:<br>\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20,\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4eba\u683c\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u5883\u6216\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u803d<br>\u6eba\u6216\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u683c,\u56e0\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1,\u96e3\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u793e\u6703\u671f\u671b\u6216\u76ee\u6a19,\u6539\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269<br>\u4ee3\u66ff,\u9664\u4e86\u6c88\u6eba\u65bc\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f,\u9084\u56e0\u53d7\u5230\u670d\u85e5\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63a5\u7d0d\u9f13\u821e,\u9032<br>\u800c\u53cd\u6297\u4e0d\u670d\u85e5\u8005\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<br>\u5354\u52a9:\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u7684\u6212\u9664\u6216\u6cbb\u7642,\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u61f2\u8655\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u6cbb\u7642\u5916,\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f<br>\u5fc3\u7406\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u4ecb\u5165,\u5305\u62ec:<br><br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u5ba3\u5c0e\u548c\u6559\u80b2,\u52a0\u5f37\u500b\u9ad4\u505a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6216\u6280\u5de7,\u63d0\u5347\u61c9\u4ed8\u5167\u5fc3\u58d3\u529b\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u671f\u671b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>\u52a0\u5165\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6cbb\u7642\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u4eba\u683c\u554f\u984c,\u4f7f\u5176\u4eba\u683c\u91cd\u5efa\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u6b65\u5165\u793e<br>\u6703\u3002<br><br>\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528(drug misuse):<br>\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528,\u662f\u6307\u672a\u7d93\u91ab\u5e2b\u8655\u65b9\u800c\u79c1\u81ea\u4f7f\u7528\u85e5\u7269,\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6cbb\u7642\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u3002<br>\u4efb\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7372\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u85e5\u6548,\u5982\u93ae\u975c\u5291\u3001\u6297\u7126\u616e\u5291\u3001\u6b62\u75db\u85e5\u7b49,\u4ee5\u4e0a\u75c7<br>\u72c0\u6301\u7e8c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8005\u3002\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528\u6703\u9020\u6210\u500b\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3,\u56b4\u91cd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4f9d<br>\u8cf4\u6027\u53ca\u812b\u766e\u6212\u65b7\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<br><br>\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927(Bruce Alexander)\u300c\u8001\u9f20\u6a02\u5712\u300d(Rat Park)<br>\u5b78\u8005:\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927(Bruce K. Alexander),\u5728 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb<br>\u5217\u6709\u95dc\u6bd2\u54c1\u6210\u766e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57,<br>\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08:<br>\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u5c07\u8001\u9f20\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u7c60\u5b50\u88e1\u9762,\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u5169\u74f6\u6c34,\u4e00\u74f6\u662f\u6e05\u6c34,\u53e6\u4e00\u74f6<br>\u662f\u52a0\u4e86\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u6216\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u7684\u6bd2\u6c34\u3002\u7d50\u679c,\u90a3\u4e9b\u8001\u9f20\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u53bb\u5438\u90a3\u74f6\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u6c34,<br>\u7d42\u81f4\u6210\u766e\u3002<br>\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7c60\u5b50,\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u904a\u6a02\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001\u597d\u5403\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u8a31\u591a\u8001\u9f20<br>\u670b\u53cb,\u4e5f\u6709\u5169\u74f6\u6c34,\u4e00\u74f6\u6e05\u6c34,\u4e00\u74f6\u6bd2\u6c34\u3002\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u628a\u9019\u500b\u7c60\u5b50\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8001\u9f20<br>\u6a02\u5712\u300d(Rat Park)\u3002\u7d50\u679c,\u5728\u8001\u9f20\u6a02\u5712\u88e1\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u5438\u90a3\u74f6\u6bd2\u6c34,\u53ea\u6703\u559d\u4e7e<br>\u6de8\u7684\u6e05\u6c34\u3002<br>\u5c07\u5df2\u7d93\u5438\u6bd2\u6c34\u6210\u766e\u7684\u8001\u9f20,\u79fb\u5230\u8001\u9f20\u6a02\u5712\u88e1,\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7c60\u5b50\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7260\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u53bb<br>\u5438\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u6c34,\u6bd2\u6c34\u7684\u98f2\u7528\u91cf\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<br>\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u9023\u7d50,\u7576\u4eba\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u906d\u53d7\u5fc3\u7406\u5275\u50b7\u3001\u88ab\u91cd<br>\u5927\u58d3\u529b\u64ca\u6557\u6642,\u5c31\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u4f86\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u8207\u89e3\u812b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7d50,\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<br>\u6bd2\u54c1\u3001\u8ced\u535a\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u66f8\u520a\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u8490\u96c6\u559c\u597d\u3001\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u9032\u98df\u6216\u7121\u6cd5\u81ea\u62d4\u5730\u7db2\u8def\u6210\u766e,<br>\u5e6b\u52a9\u8212\u7de9\u58d3\u529b\u3002<br>\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u660e,\u85e5\u7269\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u6210\u766e\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u74b0\u5883\u58d3\u529b,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u85e5\u7269<br>\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9003\u907f\u58d3\u529b,\u624d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u85e5\u7269\u6216\u6bd2\u54c1\u6210\u766e\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0,\u6253\u7834\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u6210\u766e\u7684\u932f<br>\u8aa4\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002<br>\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76:\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u5229(Johann Hari)\u5728 TED \u767c\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u95dc\u6f14\u8aaa,\u5167\u5bb9\u63d0\u53ca\u6709 20%<br>\u7684\u8d8a\u6230\u7f8e\u8ecd\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u670d\u7528\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0,\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u5f8c\u5927\u591a\u6c92\u6709\u67d3\u4e0a\u6bd2\u766e,\u6709 95%<br>\u5438\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u505c\u6b62\u5438\u6bd2\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6b63\u5411\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u9023\u7d50,\u58d3\u529b\u7372\u5f97\u8212\u89e3,\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u85c9\u7531\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u5b89\u6170\u3002<br>\u7814\u7a76\u50f9\u503c:\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u51fa\u7344\u5f8c\u518d\u72af\u7387\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b,\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u9023\u7d50\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f14\u5c0e,\u63d0\u4f9b\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u51fa\u7344\u5f8c\u591a\u5143\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8077\u7f3a\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5e6b<br>\u52a9\u5275\u696d,\u5e6b\u52a9\u627e\u56de\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u7684,\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5411\u4eba\u969b\u9023\u7d50,\u8207\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u95dc\u4fc2,\u6210\u766e<br>\u8005\u812b\u96e2\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u74b0\u5883,\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5354\u52a9\u6212\u9664\u6bd2\u766e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%89%e3%80%81%e5%8d%b0%e8%b1%a1%e3%80%81%e5%81%8f%e8%a6%8b%e3%80%81%e6%ad%a7%e8%a6%96%e3%80%81%e5%88%bb%e6%9d%bf%e5%8d%b0%e8%b1%a1\"><\/span>\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u504f\u898b\u3001\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61(First Impression)<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:<br>\u5f62\u6210:\u6307\u5169\u500b\u7d20\u4e0d\u76f8\u8b58\u7684\u4eba,\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u898b\u9762\u4f9d\u64da\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u59ff\u614b\u3001\u8eab\u6750\u3001\u5e74<br>\u9f61\u3001\u670d\u88dd\u7b49\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4ea4\u5f80\u6216\u76f8\u8655\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u4f9d\u64da,\u4f8b<br>\u5982\u76f8\u89aa\u3001\u9762\u8a66\u3002<br>\u521d\u59cb\u6548\u61c9:\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528,\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u6548\u61c9\u300d(Primary Effect)\u3002<br>\u5373\u4f7f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u7279\u5fb5,\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u9ad4\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5167\u5728\u672c\u8cea,\u4eba\u5011\u5fc5<br>\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5916\u8868\u7a7f\u8457\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u8ac7\u5410,\u5fc5\u9808\u589e\u5ee3\u898b\u805e\u3001\u52a0\u5f37\u5167\u6db5\u4fee\u990a,\u6709\u52a9\u7559<br>\u7d66\u4ed6\u4eba\u597d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u3002<br>\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20:<br>\u5916\u8868\u7279\u5fb5(Physical Cues):\u662f\u6307\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u8868\u7279\u5fb5,\u5305\u62ec\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u9577\u76f8\u3001\u7a7f<br>\u8457\u3001\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u9ad4\u91cd\u7b49,\u5b83\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u8868\u7279<br>\u5fb5,\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u5979\u9577\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u6f02\u4eae\u7537\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f88\u591a\u3001\u7389\u6a39\u81e8\u98a8\u7fe9<br>\u7fe9\u541b\u5b50\u7b49\u3002<br>\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe(Behavior Cues):\u7576\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u521d\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u6642,\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011<br>\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5370\u8c61,\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u5f9e\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u63a8\u8ad6\u5230\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u6eff\u9762\u7b11<br>\u5bb9\u89aa\u5207\u7684\u6253\u62db\u547c,\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u662f\u53cb\u5584\u597d\u76f8\u8655\u7684\u3002<br>\u985e\u5225\u7279\u5fb5(Categorization Cues):\u4eba\u5011\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u5225\u7279\u5fb5\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61,\u50cf<br>\u662f\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4eba\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u8173\u7a7f\u6234\u540d\u724c\u3001\u7a7f\u8457\u6148\u6fdf\u4eba\u9752\u8863\u767d\u8932\u3001\u7a7f\u8457\u76ae\u8863\u76ae\u8932\u9a0e\u91cd\u578b<br>\u6a5f\u8eca\u7b49,\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u985e\u5225\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5370\u8c61,\u5c31\u6703\u52a0\u8af8\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a,\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6<br>\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<br>\u7a81\u986f\u7279\u5fb5(Salient Cues):\u5728\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u4e2d,\u7279\u5225\u7a81\u986f\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7528\u4f86<br>\u5f62\u6210\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u5728\u5b89\u975c\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5927\u8072\u8b1b\u5927\u54e5\u5927\u3001\u7a7f\u9ad8\u8ddf\u978b\u8ff7\u4f60\u88d9\u53bb\u722c\u5c71\u7b49\u3002<br>\u56e0\u70ba\u7a81\u986f\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u6703\u5438\u5f15\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u6ce8\u610f,\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u6bd4\u8f03\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u3002<br>\u500b\u4eba\u597d\u60e1:\u597d\u60e1\u8a55\u50f9\u662f\u5370\u8c61\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u64da,\u4e00\u65e6\u500b\u9ad4\u628a\u67d0\u4eba\u653e\u5728\u559c\u6b61\u6216\u4e0d<br>\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167,\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5,\u90fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u559c\u6b61\u6216\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5f71<br>\u97ff\u3002\u597d\u60e1\u8a55\u50f9\u4e2d,\u71b1\u60c5\u8207\u51b7\u6de1\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4ed6\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u95dc\u9375,\u71b1\u60c5\u8207\u51b7\u6de1\u662f\u597d\u60e1\u8a55\u50f9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7279\u8cea\u3002<br>\u6708\u6688\u6548\u61c9(Halo Effect):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u6307\u55ae\u6191\u500b\u9ad4\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u986f\u8457\u7279\u5fb5,\u5373\u7528\u4ee5\u7576\u505a\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7279\u5fb5,\u9020\u6210\u904e\u9ad8<br>\u6216\u904e\u4f4e\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u5931\u771f\u73fe\u8c61,\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6210\u898b\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u3002\u6210\u898b\u6548\u61c9\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4ee5\u504f<br>\u6982\u5168\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u6559\u5e2b\u8a55\u5b9a\u5b78\u751f\u64cd\u884c\u6210\u7e3e,\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5b78\u751f\u8a00\u884c\u8209\u6b62\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da,\u53ea\u6191\u5b78<br>\u751f\u5b78\u696d\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5b9a\u7b49\u7d1a\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u500b\u9ad4\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u5411\u7279\u8cea,\u8a8d\u77e5\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u5047\u5b9a\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6b63\u5411\u7279\u8cea;<br>\u500b\u9ad4\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ca0\u5411\u7279\u8cea,\u8a8d\u77e5\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u5047\u5b9a\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8ca0\u5411\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,<br>\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u662f\u53cb\u5584\u53ca\u8070\u660e\u7684,\u5247\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u662f\u6a02\u65bc\u52a9\u4eba\u53ca\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2<br>\u826f\u597d\u7684\u3002<br>\u504f\u898b\u8207\u6b67\u8996:<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:<br>\u504f\u898b(Prejudice):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u504f\u898b,\u6307\u5c0d\u4eba\u6216\u5c0d\u4e8b\u8a55\u65b7\u6642\u6240\u6301\u7684\u504f\u9817\u4fe1\u5ff5,\u975e\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e8b\u5be6\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da<br>\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6,\u8a8d\u77e5\u6210\u5206\u8f03\u5c11,\u60c5\u611f\u6210\u5206\u8f03\u591a\u3002\u53d7\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff,\u504f\u898b\u7684<br>\u8868\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u504f\u611b,\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u504f\u60e1\u3002<br>\u7279\u5fb5:\u8a8d\u77e5\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61;\u662f\u4ee5\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4f86\u6e90\u70ba\u57fa\u790e;<br>\u6709\u904e\u5ea6\u985e\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411;\u542b\u6709\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002<br>\u6b67\u8996(Discrimination):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u6b67\u8996,\u5c0d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u4e8b\u7269,\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6b77\u7a0b;\u6216<br>\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u5c0d\u4e8b\u5b58\u6709\u504f\u898b\u800c\u4e88\u4ee5\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u300d\u7684\u614b<br>\u5ea6\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u884c\u70ba,\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\u50c5\u4f9d\u5176\u8eab\u5206\u6216\u6b78\u985e,\u7d66\u4e88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002<br>\u6b67\u8996\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6392\u64e0\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3001\u596a\u53d6\u6b0a\u5229,\u4f8b\u5982:\u7372\u5f97\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c<br>\u6a5f\u6703\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u6703\u53ca\u5145\u5206\u53c3\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u53ea\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u8eab\u5206,\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba,\u50cf\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u3001\u6027<br>\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996(Race Discimination),\u56e0\u500b\u4eba\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001<br>\u793e\u6703\u6027\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u7b49\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002<br>\u6bd4\u8f03:\u504f\u898b,\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u614b\u5ea6,\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u614b\u5ea6;\u6b67\u8996,\u662f\u6307\u5c0d<br>\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u56e0\u504f\u898b\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u504f\u898b,\u662f\u5167\u96b1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6,\u6b67\u8996,\u662f\u504f\u898b<br>\u7684\u5916\u986f\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996(Discrimination):\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u800c\u7522\u751f\u53ad\u60e1\u6216\u6b67\u8996,\u800c\u975e\u5176\u672c\u8eab<br>\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede,\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u5225\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u5217\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u614b\u5ea6:<br>\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e00\u6027\u5225\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u5225\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a;\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4eba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5c6c\u65bc\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027;\ue002\u8cb6\u6291\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u540c\u5de5\u4e0d\u540c\u916c,\u5973\u6027\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u6bd4\u505a\u76f8\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7537\u6027\u70ba<br>\u4f4e,\u6216\u5973\u6027\u8acb\u7522\u5047\u56de\u5230\u8077\u5834\u5373\u88ab\u964d\u8077\u6216\u82db\u6263\u734e\u91d1\u7b49\u3002<br>\u504f\u898b\u7684\u7279\u5fb5:<br>\u8a8d\u77e5\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61:\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61(Stereotype),\u6307\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u7269\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3001<br>\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u8077\u696d\u6709\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61,\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u7f8e\u919c\u80d6\u7626\u90fd<br>\u6709\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u7537\u6027\u662f\u7c97\u7377\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u5973\u6027\u662f\u6eab\u6696\u5584\u5992\u7684\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u90fd\u80fd\u8a00\u5584<br>\u9053\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u6d77\u6d3e\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u52e4\u5109\u6301\u5bb6\u7b49\u3002<br>\u6709\u9650\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4f86\u6e90:\u504f\u898b\u591a\u534a\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u89aa\u8eab\u7684\u7d93\u6b77,\u5927\u591a\u4f86\u81ea\u9053\u807d\u9014<br>\u8aaa\u3001\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4e91,\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u8ca0\u9762\u504f\u898b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u5927\u91ab\u9662\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u770b\u5c0f\u75c5\u7684\u75c5<br>\u60a3,\u8a8d\u70ba\u5927\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u662f\u540d\u91ab,\u91ab\u8853\u8f03\u597d\u3002<br>\u904e\u5ea6\u985e\u5316\u7684\u50be\u5411:\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0d\u8c61\u5b58\u6709\u504f\u898b\u6642,\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u6708\u6688\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u559c\u6b61\u4e00\u500b\u4eba,<br>\u5c31\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u6a23\u6a23\u90fd\u597d,\u5341\u5168\u5341\u7f8e;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u4e00\u500b\u4eba,\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u4ed6\u770b\u5f97\u4e00\u7121<br>\u662f\u8655\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u904e\u5ea6\u985e\u5316\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u7684\u50be\u5411,\u5ffd\u8996\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u3002<br>\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u5224\u65b7:\u6709\u504f\u898b\u7684\u4eba,\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5c0d\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u627f\u8a8d,\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u6539<br>\u8b8a\u4fee\u6b63\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u504f\u898b,\u662f\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5,\u53d7\u8f03\u591a\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff,\u4ee5\u81f4<br>\u5373\u4f7f\u7372\u5f97\u771f\u5be6\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8a0a\u606f,\u4ecd\u820a\u6703\u5805\u6301\u56fa\u57f7\u5df1\u898b\u3002<br>\u504f\u898b\u7684\u5f62\u6210:<br>\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u8aa4\u5c0e:\u7531\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u5a92\u9ad4\u74b0\u5883\u7b49\u5dee\u7570,\u500b<br>\u9ad4\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4e0d\u5920\u5168\u9762\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0,\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a8d\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\u7522\u751f\u504f\u898b\u3002\u4e14\u4e00\u5fc3\u8a8d\u70ba<br>\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u6a23\u5b50,\u4e0d\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u9069<br>\u5408\u8b80\u7406\u79d1,\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u9069\u5408\u8b80\u6587\u79d1\u3002<br>\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49:\u793e\u6703\u5404\u968e\u5c64\u6216\u5404\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d,\u4e5f\u662f\u6ecb\u751f\u5f7c\u6b64\u504f<br>\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u6e90\u982d\u3002\u793e\u6703\u512a\u52e2\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba,\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u4e2d,\u7fa4\u9ad4\u90fd\u88ab\u7d44\u7e54\u9032\u5165\u6b0a\u529b<br>\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d,\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u512a\u8d8a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3002\u512a\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4eab\u6709\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u793e\u6703<br>\u8ca1\u5bcc,\u800c\u5f31\u52e2\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5247\u627f\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u5982:\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684 M 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9\u985e\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u5b50,\u7236\u6bcd\u6c92\u6709\u91d1\u9322\u8207\u80fd<br>\u529b\u7d66\u4e88\u8ab2\u696d\u7684\u7167\u9867\u3002<br>\u5718\u9ad4\u5167\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u8a71:<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u63a5\u89f8\u5047\u8aaa(Contact Hypothesis),\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u504f\u898b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u63a5\u89f8\u5047\u8aaa\u76f8\u4fe1,<br>\u589e\u9032\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u63a5\u89f8,\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5316\u89e3\u65cf\u7fa4\u9593\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3002<br>\u539f\u56e0:<br>\u983b\u7e41\u63a5\u89f8\u80fd\u4f7f\u65cf\u7fa4\u9593\u767c\u73fe\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027,\u589e\u52a0\u5f7c\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<br>\u7576\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5426\u5b9a\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u6642,\u589e\u52a0\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<br>\u983b\u7e41\u63a5\u89f8\u80fd\u7834\u89e3\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u540c\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u3002<br>\u91cd\u65b0\u6b78\u985e\u754c\u7dda:\u6d88\u9664\u6211\u5011\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5206\u985e\u754c\u7dda,\u80fd\u5316\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6575\u610f\u3002\u6700<br>\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u5f7c\u6b64\u5408\u4f5c,\u7576\u5206\u5c6c\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u5408\u4f5c\u6642,\u6703<br>\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c6c\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u9ad4,\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u504f\u898b,\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6d88\u9664\u3002<br><br>\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165:\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5728\u504f\u898b\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272,\u900f\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u523b\u677f<br>\u5370\u8c61,\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u65cf\u7fa4\u9593\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a55\u50f9,\u4ee5\u6e1b\u4f4e\u523b\u677f<br>\u5370\u8c61\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff,\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u4f5c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6b78\u56e0\u3002<br>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61(Stereotype):<br>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u6307\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u7269\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001<br>\u8077\u696d\u6709\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61,\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u7f8e\u919c\u80d6\u7626\u90fd\u6709\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002<br>\u8209\u4f8b:\u7537\u6027\u662f\u7c97\u7377\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u5973\u6027\u662f\u6eab\u6696\u5584\u5992\u7684\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u90fd\u80fd\u8a00\u5584\u9053\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88<br>\u6d77\u6d3e\u3001\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u52e4\u5109\u6301\u5bb6\u7b49\u3002<br>\u529f\u80fd:\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u6a21,\u5e6b\u52a9\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\u8a0a\u606f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u5c0d\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f<br>\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u6216\u60c5\u5883\u6642,\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u53ef\u7bc0\u7701\u6642\u9593\u8207\u7cbe\u529b,\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u4f46<br>\u662f\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5e38\u6e90\u81ea\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f,\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570,\u7522\u751f<br>\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002<br>\u53ef\u6539\u8b8a:\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684,\u500b\u9ad4\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u6e96\u6108\u9ad8,\u5c0d\u523b\u677f<br>\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u6108\u77ad\u89e3,\u4ed6\u539f\u5148\u6240\u6301\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c<br>\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002<br>\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61:<br>\u5167\u6db5:\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b,\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u56fa<br>\u5b9a\u5370\u8c61,\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u671f\u671b\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:\u300c\u5973\u751f\u73a9\u6d0b\u5a03\u5a03\u3001<br>\u7537\u751f\u73a9\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7537\u4e3b\u5916,\u5973\u4e3b\u5167\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7537\u751f\u5538\u7406\u5de5,\u5973\u751f\u5538\u4eba\u6587\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7537\u751f\u8981<br>\u525b\u5f37,\u5973\u751f\u662f\u67d4\u5f31\u300d\u7b49\u3002<br>\u5c64\u9762:\u6027\u5225\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206:\u5916\u8868\u5f62\u8c61(\u5973\u6027\u5b0c\u5c0f\u67d4\u5f31,\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\u5927<br>\u5a01\u731b)\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5fb5(\u5973\u6027\u60c5\u7dd2\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u5351\u611f\u5f37,\u7537\u6027\u7406\u667a\u3001\u81ea\u4fe1)\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u884c\u70ba(\u5973\u6027<br>\u7167\u9867\u5b69\u5b50,\u7537\u6027\u4fee\u7e55\u623f\u5c4b)\u548c\u8077\u696d(\u5973\u6027\u662f\u79d8\u66f8,\u7537\u6027\u662f\u7d93\u7406)\u3002<br>\u653f\u6cbb\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61:\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u504f\u898b\u3002\u628a\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u5831\u7d19\u6216\u65b0\u805e\u4eba\u7269,\u7c21\u55ae\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u85cd(\u570b<br>\u6c11\u9ee8)\u3001\u7da0(\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8)\u3002\u6216\u662f\u5c07\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u8b70\u984c\u76f8\u806f\u7d50,\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u653f\u9ee8\u5c31\u662f<br>\u64c1\u6838\u3001\u53cd\u6838\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6b7b\u5211\u3001\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b7b\u5211\u3001\u652f\u6301\u58ae\u80ce\u3001\u53cd\u5c0d\u58ae\u80ce\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5143\u6210\u5bb6\u3001<br>\u53cd\u5c0d\u591a\u5143\u6210\u5bb6\u7b49\u3002\u6216\u662f\u5c07\u76f8\u95dc\u4eba\u58eb\u8cbc\u4e0a\u6a19\u7c64,\u5982:\u53cd\u591a\u5143\u6210\u5bb6\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3001<br>\u4e3b\u5f35\u5ee2\u6b7b\u7684\u90fd\u53ea\u6703\u6b3a\u8ca0\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u652f\u6301\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u90fd\u6c92\u8b80\u66f8\u3001\u652f\u6301\u6838\u80fd\u767c\u96fb\u7684<br>\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u611b\u81fa\u7063\u7b49\u3002<br>\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105(stereotype threat):<br>\u5167\u6db5:\u65af\u63d0\u723e(Steele)\u65bc 1995 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105\u7406\u8ad6,\u8a8d\u70ba\u6fc0\u8d77\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u6d88\u6975<br>\u81ea\u6211\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61,\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u500b\u9ad4\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105\u4e0b,\u500b\u9ad4<br>\u64d4\u5fc3\u72af\u932f\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u73fe,\u751f\u7406\u559a\u9192\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105\u800c\u751f,\u59a8\u7919\u500b\u9ad4<br>\u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<br><br>\u5be6\u9a57:Steele \u7b49\u4eba\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6e2c\u9a57,\u9019\u4e9b\u7537\u5973\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6709\u8457\u76f8\u540c<br>\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u7576\u544a\u8a34\u5b78\u751f\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570,\u5973\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u8207\u7537\u751f\u76f8\u540c;<br>\u4e00\u65e6\u544a\u8a34\u5b78\u751f\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u6709\u6027\u5225\u5dee\u7570,\u5973\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5730\u6bd4\u7537\u751f\u5dee,\u523b\u677f\u5370<br>\u8c61\u5a01\u8105\u56e0\u800c\u9a57\u8b49\u3002<br>\u539f\u56e0:\u64d4\u5fc3\u5225\u4eba\u6703\u6839\u64da\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u4f86\u8a55\u50f9\u81ea\u5df1,\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u9a57\u8b49\u7684<br>\u6182\u616e\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u5f31\u8457?\u300d\u4e00\u65e6\u500b\u9ad4\u53d7\u5230\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a01\u8105\u6642,\u6703\u611f\u5230\u5fc3\u7169\u610f\u4e82\u3001<br>\u589e\u52a0\u5fc3\u7406\u8ca0\u64d4\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u559a\u9192\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u61c9,\u56e0\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%9b%9b%e3%80%81%e7%a0%b4%e7%aa%97%e6%95%88%e6%87%89broken-window-effect\"><\/span>\u56db\u3001\u7834\u7a97\u6548\u61c9(broken window effect):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08:<br>\u5b78\u8005:\u7f8e\u570b\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u2027\u8f9b\u5df4\u675c(Philip Zimbardo)\u65bc 1969 \u5e74\u9032\u884c<br>\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57,\u4ed6\u627e\u4f86\u5169\u8f1b\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6c7d\u8eca,\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8f1b\u505c\u5728\u96dc\u4e82\u7684\u7d10\u7d04\u5e03\u6717\u514b\u65af<br>\u5340,\u53e6\u4e00\u8f1b\u505c\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5e15\u6d1b\u963f\u723e\u6258\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u5340\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u300a\u5f15\u7206\u8da8\u52e2\u300b(\u6642\u5831\u51fa<br>\u7248)\u4e00\u66f8\u3002<br>\u8ca7\u7aae\u96dc\u4e82\u793e\u5340:\u505c\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u514b\u65af\u7684\u90a3\u8f1b\u8eca,Zimbardo \u628a\u8eca\u724c\u6458\u6389\u3001\u9802\u68da\u6253\u958b,\u7d50<br>\u679c\u7576\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u5077\u8d70\u4e86\u3002<br>\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u5340:\u653e\u5728\u5e15\u6d1b\u963f\u723e\u6258\u7684\u90a3\u8f1b\u8eca,\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u671f\u7121\u4eba\u7406\u776c\u3002Zimbardo \u7528\u9318<br>\u5b50\u628a\u90a3\u8f1b\u8eca\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u6572\u4e86\u500b\u5927\u6d1e,\u50c5\u50c5\u904e\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u5c0f\u6642,\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u898b\u4e86\u3002<br>\u539f\u56e0:<br>\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6:\u4ee5 Zimbardo \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u70ba\u57fa\u790e,\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u5bb6\u5a01\u723e\u905c(Wilson)\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u5b78\u5bb6\u51f1<br>\u7433(Karen)\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u7834\u7a97\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<br>\u50b3\u905e\u7121\u5e8f\u8a0a\u606f:\u7834\u7a97\u6236\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u611f\u89ba,\u5728\u516c\u773e\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d,\u72af\u7f6a<br>\u5c31\u6703\u6ecb\u751f\u7e41\u69ae\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u826f\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728,\u90fd\u5728\u50b3\u905e\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a0a\u606f,\u9019\u7a2e\u8a0a\u606f\u6703<br>\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u826f\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7121\u9650\u64f4\u5c55\u3002<br>\u8d77\u800c\u6548\u5c24:\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3001\u500b\u5225\u7684\u3001\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u904e\u932f,\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u4e4b\u4e0d\u805e\u4e0d\u554f\u3001\u8996\u82e5<br>\u7121\u7779\u6216\u7cfe\u6b63\u4e0d\u529b,\u5c31\u6703\u7e31\u5bb9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u53bb\u6253\u721b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u73bb\u7483,\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u5343\u91cc\u4e4b\u5824,<br>\u6f70\u65bc\u87fb\u7a74\u300d\u7684\u60e1\u679c\u3002<br>\u5be6\u4f8b:<br>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u53ef\u898b\u5230\u7834\u7a97\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50,\u5982\u679c\u5728\u96fb\u7dda\u687f\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u5305\u5783\u573e\u6c92\u6709\u6e05\u7406\u6389,\u4e0d\u591a<br>\u4e45\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u6a23\u5b78\u6a23\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u5806\u5c0f\u5783\u573e\u5c71,\u63a5\u8457\u58de\u6389\u7684\u684c\u5b50\u6905\u5b50\u6ac3\u5b50\u5e8a\u588a\u90fd<br>\u6703\u88ab\u4e1f\u51fa\u4f86,\u91ce\u72d7\u5927\u4fbf\u6d41\u6d6a\u6f22\u96a8\u5730\u5c0f\u4fbf,\u53c8\u9ad2\u53c8\u4e82\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u9760\u8fd1,\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u6cbb<br>\u5b89\u7684\u6b7b\u89d2\u3002<br>\u4fee\u88dc\u7834\u7a97(Fixing Broken Windows):<br>\u4fee\u88dc\u7834\u7a97(Fixing Broken Windows):\u51f1\u85a9\u7433\u2027\u79d1\u723e\u65af(Catherine Coles)\u65bc 1996 \u5e74<br>\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u4fee\u88dc\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u57f7\u6cd5\u8005\u61c9\u5118\u65e9\u7559\u610f\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5371\u96aa\u5206\u5b50,\u4fdd\u8b77<br>\u5b88\u6cd5\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74,\u540c\u6642\u8981\u4fc3\u9032\u5c45\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u6cbb\u5b89\u7dad\u6301\u53ca\u5354\u8abf\u793e\u5340\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>\u57f9\u990a\u6cd5\u5236\u89c0\u5ff5:\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u7121\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\u7684\u9055\u898f\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u8981\u9032\u884c\u53d6\u7de0,\u50cf\u662f\u4e82\u4e1f\u5783<br>\u573e\u672a\u505a\u597d\u5783\u573e\u5206\u985e\u7b49\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u8207\u516c\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u52a0\u5f37\u5de1\u908f\u53d6\u7de0\u9055\u898f,\u516c\u6b0a\u529b\u52aa\u529b\u7dad\u6301\u793e<br>\u5340\u79e9\u5e8f,\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u5c0f\u5978\u5c0f\u60e1\u7684\u64f4\u5927\u3002<br>\u71df\u9020\u6709\u5e8f\u6c1b\u570d:\u6771\u4eac\u8fea\u58eb\u5c3c\u6a02\u5712\u7684\u5712\u5340\u5167,\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u6e05\u6f54\u4eba\u54e1\u5e36\u8457\u8f15\u4fbf\u6383\u5177\u5c07<br>\u5783\u573e\u6e05\u6383\u4e7e\u6de8,\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u640d\u58de\u6703\u6f0f\u591c\u4fee\u5fa9,\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u71df\u9020\u6709\u5e8f\u6574\u6f54\u7684\u6c1b\u570d,<br>\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f86\u5712\u904a\u5ba2\u7684\u5b88\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e26\u7dad\u6301\u5712\u5340\u5167\u6e05\u6f54\u3002<br>\u5584\u7528\u6977\u6a21\u793a\u7bc4:\u770b\u898b\u4ed6\u4eba\u56e0\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u88ab\u734e\u52f5\u6216\u61f2\u7f70\u6642,\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u6703<br>\u7372\u5f97\u734e\u52f5\u6216\u61f2\u7f70,\u6b64\u5373\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u300c\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u589e\u5f37\u300d,\u53ef\u6fc0\u52f5\u500b\u9ad4\u898b\u8ce2\u601d\u9f4a\u6216\u6bba\u96de\u5106\u7334\u3002<br>\u907f\u514d\u7834\u7a97\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u767c\u751f,\u53ef\u4e3b\u52d5\u6a39\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u6977\u6a21\u505a\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u793a\u7bc4\u3002<br>\u61c9\u7528\u5be6\u4f8b:\u7d10\u7d04\u5730\u9435\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u6240\u6b32\u70ba\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7121\u5929\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u4ea4\u901a\u8b66<br>\u5bdf\u5c40\u9577\u5e03\u62c9\u9813(Brattain)\u53d7\u7834\u7a97\u7406\u8ad6\u555f\u767c,\u5168\u529b\u6253\u64ca\u5730\u9435\u7684\u9003\u7968\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe,<br>\u6bcf 7 \u540d\u9003\u7968\u8005\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709 1 \u540d\u662f\u901a\u7ddd\u72af,\u6bcf 20 \u540d\u9003\u7968\u8005\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709 1 \u540d\u651c\u5e36\u51f6\u5668\u3002\u5f9e\u6293<br>\u9003\u7968\u958b\u59cb,\u5730\u9435\u7ad9\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u958b\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d,\u6cbb\u5b89\u5927\u5e45\u597d\u8f49\u3002Brattain \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e,\u5c0f\u5978<br>\u5c0f\u60e1\u6b63\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6eab\u5e8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%ba%94%e3%80%81%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%b9%e4%bd%9b%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e5%af%a6%e9%a9%97stanford-prison-experiment\"><\/span>\u4e94\u3001\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u76e3\u7344\u5be6\u9a57(Stanford Prison Experiment)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b78\u8005:<br>\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u76e3\u7344\u5be6\u9a57,\u662f 1971 \u5e74\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u2027\u6d25\u5df4\u591a(Philip Zimbardo)\u9818<br>\u5c0e\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7d44,\u8a2d\u5728\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u5927\u6a13\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u76e3\u5167\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<br>\u5be6\u9a57\u76ee\u7684:<br>\u5be6\u9a57\u63a2\u8a0e\u88ab\u6311\u9078\u51fa\u4f86\u5065\u5eb7\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba,\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u9032\u884c\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba<br>\u985e\u5c0d\u56da\u7981\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4ee5\u53ca\u56da\u7981\u5c0d\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u88ab\u76e3\u7ba1\u8005\u884c\u70ba\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002<br>\u5be6\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b:<br>\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u520a\u767b\u5ee3\u544a\u62db\u52df\u81ea\u9858\u8005,\u6bcf\u5929\u5341\u4e94\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u6311\u9078 24 \u540d\u5b78\u751f,\u96a8\u6a5f<br>\u5206\u6d3e\u4e00\u534a\u626e\u6f14\u56da\u72af,\u4e00\u534a\u626e\u6f14\u7344\u8b66\u3002\u6a21\u64ec\u60c5\u5883\u70ba\u6c42\u903c\u771f,\u626e\u6f14\u7344\u8b66\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u88ab\u8981\u6c42<br>\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u52e4\u52d9\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b93\u6f14\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<br>\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c:<br>\u539f\u672c\u9810\u8a08\u5169\u661f\u671f\u7684\u5be6\u9a57,\u7531\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u5931\u63a7\u77ed\u77ed 6 \u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65b7\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5047\u6232\u771f\u505a\u7684<br>\u7d50\u679c,\u626e\u6f14\u7344\u8b66\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5165\u6232\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6df1,\u5c0d\u56da\u72af\u65bd\u4ee5\u7121\u60c5\u8650\u5f85,\u8fb1\u7f75\u56da\u72af\u3001\u6252\u5149\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8863\u670d\u3001\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u7a81\u64ca\u6aa2\u67e5\u3001\u525d\u596a\u56da\u72af\u7684\u7761\u7720\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u56da\u72af\u6f38\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u8010\u6027\u8d77\u4f86\u53cd\u6297,<br>\u5c0d\u7344\u8b66\u66b4\u529b\u5831\u5fa9,\u8b8a\u5f97\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u751a\u81f3\u9677\u5165\u7d55\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5be6\u9a57\u89e3\u91cb:<br>\u6eab\u6c34\u716e\u86d9:\u5728\u9019\u76e3\u7344\u6a21\u64ec\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u8457\u6df1<br>\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff,\u50cf\u662f\u6eab\u6c34\u716e\u86d9,\u500b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u53ca\u89d2\u8272\u6df9\u6c92\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea\u77e5\u3002<br>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff:Zimbardo \u8a8d\u70ba,\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u60c5\u5883\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u74b0\u74b0\u76f8\u6263\u7684,\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5982\u653f<br>\u5e9c\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7b49,\u5c07\u7522\u751f\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u60c5\u5883,\u800c\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4<br>\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<br>\u8def\u897f\u6cd5\u6548\u61c9(Lucifer Effect):<br>\u6e90\u7531:\u8def\u897f\u6cd5(Lucife)\u662f\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u4e2d\u6492\u65e6\u7684\u5225\u540d\u3002\u8def\u897f\u6cd5\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u5929\u5802\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d<br>\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6700\u5bf5\u611b\u7684\u5929\u4f7f,\u7531\u65bc\u904e\u5ea6\u9a55\u50b2\u81ea\u4fe1,\u6700\u5f8c\u58ae\u843d\u6210\u70ba\u60e1\u9b54\u6492\u65e6\u3002<br>\u5167\u6db5:\u5728\u9ad8\u58d3\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b,\u500b\u9ad4\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5584\u60e1\u5224\u65b7\u53ca\u5c0d\u4e0d\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u61f7\u7591,<br>\u670d\u5f9e\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5408\u7406\u5316\u3001\u5c07\u5c0d\u65b9\u975e\u4eba\u5316,\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u60e1\u884c\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u5c24<br>\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee4\u4eba\u9aee\u6307\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u5c60\u6bba,\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u7121\u60c5\u800c\u5f37\u8abf\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b,\u4eba<br>\u683c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5168\u7136\u626d\u66f2,\u5c0e\u81f4\u597d\u4eba\u5e79\u58de\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ad%e3%80%81%e6%b8%ac%e8%ac%8a%e6%a9%9flie-detector\"><\/span>\u516d\u3001\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f(Lie Detector)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u63a2\u6e2c\u500b\u9ad4\u9673\u8ff0\u4f9b\u8a5e\u6642,\u6240\u8a00\u4e4b\u771f\u507d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5100\u5668\u3002\u662f\u6839\u64da\u60c5\u7dd2\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b,<br>\u500b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u8eab\u5fc3\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u85c9\u8457\u91cf\u5ea6\u548c\u8a18\u9304\u8840\u58d3\u3001\u8108\u640f\u3001\u547c\u5438\u548c\u76ae\u819a\u5c0e\u96fb<br>\u53cd\u61c9\u7b49,\u7531\u4ea4\u611f\u795e\u7d93\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u61c9,\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u6b63\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002<br>\u539f\u7406:\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f,\u662f\u6839\u64da\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u60c5\u7dd2\u7d1b\u64fe\u6642,\u56e0\u81ea\u4e3b\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u539f<br>\u7406\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6642,\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u8a18\u9304\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u8108\u640f\u3001\u547c\u5438\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u819a\u96fb\u53cd\u61c9\u4e09<br>\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6839\u64da\u500b\u9ad4\u56de\u7b54\u554f\u984c\u6642,\u5728\u5404\u689d\u66f2\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u8b8a\u5316,\u63a8\u6e2c\u662f\u5426\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002<br>\u81ea\u52d5\u8a18\u9304\u591a\u689d\u66f2\u7dda\u7684\u5100\u5668,\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u591a\u7dda\u8a18\u9304\u5100\u300d(Polygraph)\u3002<br>\u6b63\u78ba\u7387:\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe,\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5be9\u8a0a\u4eba\u54e1\u6191\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599,\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u8aaa\u8b0a\u7684\u5224<br>\u65b7,\u53ef\u9054 85%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u3002<br>\u9650\u5236:<br>\u591a\u5143\u56e0\u7d20:\u9020\u6210\u500b\u9ad4\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8aaa\u8b0a,\u5be9\u8a0a\u6642\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e<br>\u81f4\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u7570\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f\u7684\u5100\u5668\u8a2d\u5099\u6703\u4f7f\u4eba\u7dca\u5f35,\u64d4\u5fc3\u88ab\u51a4\u6789\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff<br>\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u65b7:\u6191\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u53ea\u80fd\u63a8\u65b7\u500b\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0d\u5be6,\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u65b7\u662f\u7528<br>\u8b0a\u8a00\u63a9\u84cb\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<br>\u5584\u8aaa\u8b0a\u8005:\u5584\u8aaa\u8b0a\u8005\u5728\u8aaa\u8b0a\u6642,\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u986f\u793a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<br>\u8eab\u5fc3\u7570\u5e38\u8005:\u5c0d\u667a\u80fd\u969c\u7919\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u7570\u5e38\u8005,\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6a5f\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u7f3a\u5c11\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<br>\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u4ef6:\u6e2c\u8b0a\u9451\u5b9a\u9808\u7b26\u5408\u4e94\u9805\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u4ef6\u624d\u5177\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u80fd\u529b,\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u70ba\u8b49\u64da\u3002<br>\u7d93\u53d7\u6e2c\u4eba\u540c\u610f,\u4e26\u5df2\u544a\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7d55\u53d7\u6e2c,\u4ee5\u6e1b\u8f15\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u58d3\u529b\u3002<br>\u6e2c\u8b0a\u54e1\u9808\u7d93\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\u8207\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<br>\u6e2c\u8b0a\u5100\u5668\u54c1\u8cea\u826f\u597d\u4e14\u904b\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<br>\u53d7\u6e2c\u4eba\u8eab\u5fc3\u53ca\u610f\u8b58\u72c0\u614b\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<br>\u6e2c\u8b0a\u74b0\u5883\u826f\u597d,\u7121\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u5916\u529b\u5e72\u64fe\u7b49\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<br>\u8072\u5e36\u9707\u52d5\u6e2c\u8b0a\u6cd5(Voice-stress Analyzer):\u300c\u8072\u58d3\u5206\u6790\u5668\u300d\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u5224\u65b7\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002\u5c07\u500b<br>\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u9304\u97f3,\u7f6e\u65bc\u8072\u58d3\u5206\u6790\u5668\u4e2d,\u4ee5\u5e73\u5e38\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6162\u901f\u64ad\u653e,\u5206<br>\u6790\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u6ce2\u5f62\u7814\u5224\u662f\u5426\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u60c5\u7dd2\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u500b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u8072\u5e36\u9707\u52d5,\u6839\u64da<br>\u60c5\u7dd2\u805a\u5f35\u8207\u60c5\u7dd2\u5e73\u975c\u6642\u7684\u8072\u6ce2\u4e0d\u540c,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%83%e3%80%81%e9%a1%8d%e8%91%89frontal-lobe\"><\/span>\u4e03\u3001\u984d\u8449(Frontal Lobe)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u90e8\u4f4d:\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u6e9d\u4e4b\u524d\u8207\u5074\u88c2\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d,\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u984d\u8449\u300d,\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u8166\u8449\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6700\u5927\u8005,<br>\u7d04\u5360\u5927\u8166\u534a\u7403\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00,\u5c08\u53f8\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u3001\u76e3\u7763\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u7b49\u529f\u80fd,\u53c8\u7a31\u300c\u7e3d\u88c1\u8166\u300d,<br>\u662f\u5927\u8166\u76ae\u8cea\u4e2d\u6700\u665a\u767c\u80b2\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<br>\u529f\u80fd:\u984d\u8449,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8166\u57df,\u638c\u7ba1\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u3001<br>\u63a8\u8ad6\u63e3\u6e2c\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u8868\u9054\u7b49\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa,\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e86\u984d\u8449,\u624d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u884c<br>\u70ba\u3002<br>\u767c\u80b2\u6642\u9593:\u984d\u8449,\u662f\u64cd\u63a7\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5275\u9020\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u6a1e,\u662f\u4eba\u8166\u4e2d\u6700\u767c\u9054\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d,<br>\u537b\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u665a\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u719f\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u8981\u5230 20\u301c25 \u6b72\u624d\u6703\u767c\u80b2\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<br>\u9752\u6625\u671f\u72c2\u98c6:\u7531\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u53db\u9006\u72c2\u98c6,\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u885d\u52d5\u611b\u5192\u96aa,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u984d\u8449\u662f\u5927\u8166<br>\u767c\u80b2\u6700\u665a\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u984d\u8449\u8ca0\u8cac\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u8207\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u529f\u80fd,\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u9752\u6625<br>\u5f8c\u671f 20\u301c25 \u6b72\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u719f\u96b1\u5b9a,\u8868\u73fe\u5408\u4e4e\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5224\u65b7\u3002<br>\u984d\u8449\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u75c7\u72c0:<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u60c5\u7dd2,\u767c\u813e\u6c23\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u5c0d\u8655\u7f70\u7121\u52d5\u65bc\u8877\u3002<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u6b32\u671b,\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u96fb\u73a9\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u904a\u6232\u3001\u624b\u6a5f 3C \u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u3002<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u6563\u6f2b\u3001\u505a\u4e8b\u7121\u7cbe\u6253\u91c7\u3002<br>\u7121\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u6216\u7f9e\u6065\u5fc3,\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u7f3a\u640d,\u96e3\u4ee5\u9075\u5b88\u7fd2\u4fd7\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<br>\u7d93\u5e38\u548c\u540c\u5115\u6216\u5927\u4eba\u8d77\u722d\u57f7,\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u53e3\u51fa\u60e1\u8a00\u6216\u66b4\u529b\u52d5\u7c97\u3002<br>\u9577\u671f\u8aaa\u8b0a\u6216\u5077\u7aca,\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c,\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u8cf4\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u6216\u6094\u6068,\u7e3d\u662f\u602a\u7f6a\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<br>\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u8a08\u756b,\u904e\u4e00\u5929\u7b97\u4e00\u5929\u3002<br><br>\u25cf1848 \u5e74,\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u4f4d\u9435\u8def\u5de5\u4eba\u84cb\u5409\u5148\u751f(Phineas Gage, 1823~1860),\u7531\u65bc\u610f\u5916\u5c0e\u81f4<br>\u4e00\u6839\u9577 1 \u516c\u5c3a\u3001\u76f4\u5f91 3 \u516c\u5206\u7684\u9435\u7ba1\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u63d2\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u8166\u888b,\u518d\u7531\u5de6\u81c9\u9830\u7a7f\u51fa\u3002\u84cb<br>\u5409\u5148\u751f\u5728\u9019\u5834\u610f\u5916\u4e2d\u5016\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86,\u4f46\u6027\u60c5\u5287\u8b8a\u3002\u84cb\u5409\u5148\u751f\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4f4d\u6a21\u7bc4\u516c\u6c11,\u5de5\u4f5c<br>\u52e4\u596e\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u982d\u8166\u6e05\u6670,\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u4e8b\u52d9\u53ca\u91d1\u9322\u90fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5f97\u5b9c\u3002\u4e8b\u6545\u4e4b\u5f8c,\u4ed6\u8b8a<br>\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u8010\u6027\u800c\u7c97\u9b6f,\u5e38\u5e38\u751f\u6c23\u5927\u767c\u96f7\u9706,\u5c0d\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u898f\u52f8\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b,\u7121\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7167\u8a08\u756b<br>\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u84cb\u5409\u5148\u751f\u6b7b\u5f8c,\u982d\u9aa8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8166\u4e2d\u7684\u9435\u7ba1\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u91ab\u5b78\u9662,\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ee5\u8166\u90e8\u9020<br>\u5f71\u6280\u8853\u91cd\u5efa\u5176\u5275\u50b7\u90e8\u4f4d,\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u6839\u9435\u7ba1\u7834\u58de\u7684\u8166\u90e8\u4f4d\u7f6e,\u6b63\u662f\u984d\u8449\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%85%ab%e3%80%81%e9%8f%a1%e5%83%8f%e7%a5%9e%e7%b6%93%e5%85%83mirror-neuron\"><\/span><br>\u516b\u3001\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143(Mirror Neuron)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u300a\u5929\u751f\u611b\u5b78\u6a23:\u767c\u73fe\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u300b(\u9060\u6d41\u51fa\u7248)\u4e00\u66f8\u3002<br>\u5b78\u8005:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u59cb\u65bc 1992 \u5e74,\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5e15\u746a\u5927\u5b78,\u91cc\u4f50\u62c9\u8482<br>(Rizzolatti)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u7576\u7334\u5b50\u4f5c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5982\u6293\u63e1\u3001\u6495\u7d19\u7b49,\u8a72\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u5c31\u6703<br>\u6d3b\u5316\u3002\u91cc\u4f50\u62c9\u8482(Rizzolatti)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c,\u5728 1996 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Pelligrino)\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u8166\u5167\u7f6e\u5165\u55ae\u7d30<br>\u80de\u795e\u7d93\u8a18\u9304\u5668,\u6b63\u7b49\u5f85\u6e96\u5099\u6642,\u91cc\u4f50\u62c9\u8482\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u8cbb\u5e1d\u52a0(Fadiga)\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5077\u62ff\u4e00\u6839<br>\u653e\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u7684\u9999\u8549,\u6b64\u6642\u7dca\u76ef\u8457\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u795e\u7d93\u8a18\u9304\u87a2\u5e55\u7684\u8fea\u6d3e\u52d2\u5409\u8afe,\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe<br>\u7334\u5b50\u7684 F5 \u795e\u7d93\u5143\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u6293\u9999\u8549\u6642\u6703\u6d3b\u5316,\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6293\u9999\u8549\u6642<br>\u4e5f\u6703\u6d3b\u5316\u3002<br>\u90e8\u4f4d:\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71,\u5df2\u77e5\u5305\u62ec\u9802\u8449\u524d\u904b\u52d5\u76ae\u8cea\u5340\u4e4b\u8179\u5074\u3001\u5e03\u6d1b\u5361\u5340\u3001<br>\u9802\u8449\u4e0b\u5074\u5c0f\u8449\u3001\u524d\u6263\u5e36\u8ff4\u76ae\u8cea\u53ca\u8166\u5cf6\u3002<br>\u529f\u80fd:\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\u3002<br>\u77ad\u89e3\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u8166\u8207\u4eba\u8166\u4e4b\u9593\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11,\u53ef\u4ee5\u77ad\u89e3\u52d5<br>\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6839\u64da\u7684\u662f\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f,\u4f8b\u5982\u807d\u5230\u6495\u7d19\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6216\u662f\u8166\u6d77\u60f3\u50cf\u62c9<br>\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434,\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u6d3b\u5316\u50b3\u9054\u8a72\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<br>\u7406\u89e3\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8b93\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u52d5\u4f5c\u6240\u6b32\u9054\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u5728<br>\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u52d5\u4f5c\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u7b49\u3002<br>\u6fc0\u8d77\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u72c0\u614b:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u77ad\u89e3\u5225\u4eba\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u611f\u89ba,\u5728\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f15\u767c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u72c0\u614b,\u5373\u300c\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\u300d\u3002<br>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u9664\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u610f\u5716\u4ee5\u53ca\u60c5\u7dd2,<br>\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u7531\u89c0\u5bdf\u800c\u7fd2\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6280\u80fd\u3002<br>\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u65b0\u898b\u89e3:2000 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u8056\u5730\u7259\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u62c9\u746a\u9322\u5fb7\u6717(Ramachandran)<br>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u63d0\u51fa\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7406\u8ad6,\u70ba\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\u958b\u555f\u4e00\u9053\u66d9\u5149\u3002\u93e1\u50cf\u795e<br>\u7d93\u5143\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\u7684\u57fa\u790e,\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u7f3a\u640d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u55aa<br>\u5931,\u6b63\u4f3c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7(Autism)\u7f3a\u4e4f\u300c\u63e3\u5ea6\u4ed6\u4eba\u5fc3\u667a\u300d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u95b1\u300a\u5c0b\u627e\u8166\u4e2d\u5e7b\u5f71\u300b<br>(\u9060\u6d41\u51fa\u7248)\u4e00\u66f8\u3002<br>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u7406\u5fc3:\u7531\u65bc\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u8207\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u6709\u95dc,\u9019\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7f3a\u640d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3<br>\u91cb\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u75c7\u72c0,\u5982\u5b64\u50fb\u758f\u96e2\u8207\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3002<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u8a55\u4f30\u610f\u5716:\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8166\u90e8\u984d\u8449\u4e0b\u56de\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8f03\u5c11,<br>\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60a3\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u8a55\u4f30\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u3002<br>\u6b20\u7f3a\u6a21\u4eff\u80fd\u529b:\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u53ef\u89e3\u91cb\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u610f\u5716,\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u6700\u986f\u8457<br>\u7684\u7570\u5e38:\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u4ea4\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6b20\u7f3a\u6a21\u4eff\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u3002<br>\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u96b1\u55bb:\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u93e1\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7f3a\u5931,\u53ef\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u8afa<br>\u8a9e\u548c\u96b1\u55bb\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%9b%b4%e5%a4%9a%e9%81%a9%e5%90%88%e4%b8%80%e8%88%ac%e8%ad%a6%e5%af%9f%e7%89%b9%e8%80%83%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%b8%e6%ba%96%e5%82%99%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e6%9b%b8%e7%b1%8d%e3%80%81%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e8%aa%b2%e7%a8%8b%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a%3e%3e%e9%bb%9e%e6%88%91%e7%ab%8b%e5%8d%b3%e5%89%8d%e5%be%80\"><\/span>  <strong>\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u8003\u8a66\u81ea\u5b78\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\u3001\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8cc7\u8a0a&gt;&gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/police-out?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=109%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E8%80%83%E5%89%8D%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2721_lulu_NA\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.eyebook.com.tw\/page\/police-out?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_campaign=109%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%80%83%E8%80%83%E5%89%8D%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_content=_NA_NA_2721_lulu_NA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u9ede\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80<\/a><\/strong>  <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e00\u822c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u8003\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5e38\u8003\u8003\u9ede\u3001\u6613\u932f\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u908a\u90fd\u5e6b\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u5f59\u6574\u56c9\uff01\u984c\u984c\u7686\u9644\u4e0a\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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